玉玺呈瑞：宋哲宗朝传国玺事件剖析

元符受玺为北宋哲宗一朝的大事,在传统政治文化发展史上也有着特殊的地位。哲宗君臣对传国玺的接受,不是玉玺正统象征这一传统观念的显现,而是现实政情、理想化政治追求与传统政治文化间博弈的结果,从中反映出的是将传国玺符瑞化的倾向。由于传国玺本为暴秦之物,不幸又与绍述政治、奸臣蔡京联系到一起,加之士人将道德因素介入的失败,此后传国玺的传统政治符号意义在世人批判中完全消解,甚至作为符瑞的合法性都被否定,它被重新赋予了暴政、无知、欺诈等象征意义。     

Hierarchical tendencies and functional patterns among Mainland China’s megaregions

This paper presents an empirical analysis of hierarchical tendencies and functional patterns in the development of Mainland China’s space-economy by operationalizing the concept of “megaregions.” Drawing on the burgeoning literature on megaregions, we first argue that under conditions of economic globalization the megaregion concept does indeed present an effective tool to study the spatial agglomeration of the key components of China’s economic development. Second, we analyze the development status and the key functional characteristics of 16 prospective Chinese megaregions by constructing an index system consisting of 5 functions and 36 indicators. Third, we calculate an entropy index to rank megaregions according to their overall development status and reveal functional differences by applying cluster analysis. We find that the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Metropolitan Area, and the Pearl River Delta stand out, identify different varieties of megaregions according to their dominant functional characteristics, and explore the main policy dimensions of the persistent west–east divides observed. The paper is concluded with a discussion of potential avenues for future research.     

The Cradle of Tibetan Human Resources -Chamdo Experimental School

On October 19th, 1950, the 52nd contingent of No. 18th Corps of the PLA, with the support of other forces, liberated Chamdo, which actually led to the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     

文物三维彩色数字化模型实现方式探讨

随着文物三维数字化技术应用的不断开展,适合于文物的高清晰彩色三维数字模型的实现是一个迫切需要解决的问题.本文从应用和技术角度,分别对文物三维彩色数字化模型实现的几种方式进行了论述,并对其各自特点作了简要的说明.认为从仪器本身角度实现三维彩色数字模型尚有一定难度.用户可根据不同需求,采取不同的实现方式达到应用的目的.     

日苏关系与国共的战略利益——1943年蒋介石制裁中共的策划与取消

关于国民党发动的第三次反共高潮,毛泽东当年多次判断其起因主要是蒋介石相信日军即将进攻苏联。对于毛的这一判断,迄今,相关论著或者完全回避,不予论及,或者语焉不详,不能把问题说透。原因无非两点:其一,没有弄懂日苏与国共三国四方之间的战略关系;其二,没有从蒋介石那里找出相关的证据。本文将着重提出并回答这两个问题。关于此次反共高潮的结束,通常判定为7月中下旬,从现象上看,这一论点可以成立。其实,接下来蒋还制定了多个肃清或制裁陕北的计划,这些计划的制定、删改与放弃,本文亦将予以研究。简言之,国共之间的这场政治纠纷,其发生与终结,都是蒋介石基于国际战略动向的观察而做出的选择。这一过程较为集中地体现了蒋的战略视野及其对于多种战略关系的联系与权衡。     

The Formation of Leningrad's Satellite Places

The development of Leningrad's suburban zone began mainly in the Soviet period with the growth of “dormitory” satellites of the central city. Many of the city's satellites perform the same industrial and cultural functions as Leningrad itself. The distribution of commuter areas is analyzed on the basis of winter commutation tickets. In addition to satellites, Leningrad has “associate” cities and towns that supply the central city with electric power and fuels but lack the commuting ties that differentiate true satellites. Further planning of the Leningrad suburban zone should take care not to saturate the suburbs with industry. It is more desirable to locate new plants in small and medium-size cities outside the suburban zone.     

Snow-Cover Dynamics as one of the Factors of Formation of Landscapes of the Moscow Region

The author analyzes the landscape-forming role of the snow cover by distinguishing four snow-cover periods in the winter season and investigating snow-accumulation conditions under various meteorological, relief and vegetation situations. The effect of the snow cover on ground frost, the wintering of plants and animals, the amount of surface runoff and soil erosion in the spring is analyzed for various combinations of conditions in each period.     

Ways of Constructing a Geomorphological Theory

Since the fundamental work of William Morris Davis on a cyclic interpretation of landforms and of Walther Penck on slope development, no new conceptual approach has been offered in geomorphology until the appearance of Lester King's The Morphology of the Earth. But King's emphasis on the hypothesis of continental drift and on the process of pediplanation are judged inadequate for a full-fledged theory of geomorphology. As the new conceptual framework, the author prefers the morphostructural method of Soviet geomorphology, based on the relationship between tectonic elements and surface forms.     

ON THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS BY MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Two Soviet regional planners test several spatial interaction models with particular reference to the Kuznetsk Basin (Kemerovo Oblast), the southern belt of West Siberia and a portion of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Kray). Existing techniques, such as gravity and potential models, are found to work well in areas with relatively uniform settlement patterns, such as the steppe zone of Krasnodar Kray or the southern Ob'-Irtysh subregion of West Siberia, but not in areas with sharp contrasts in settlement patterns, such as the Kuznetsk Basin, where a linear highly urbanized belt is enclosed between sparsely populated mountains. In such contrasting settings, a combination of methods is required.