初中政治课探究式教学中的教师作用例谈

政治学科不同于自然科学,其探究问题的结论有政策倾向性。教师对探究问题所得出的结论的强调是其主导作用发挥的关键阶段,其作用至关重要。教师应注意升华问题,深层次地把握关键点。能否做到这一点,明显反映了一个教师进行探究式课堂教学角色发挥水平的高低。     

徐州楚王墓出土金银器大观

金和银两种金属,由于他们的结构密实,外表艳丽而舒润,延展性强,韧性好,便于操作,自古就受到人们的青睐,为人们所钟爱。常用它来制作货贝及器皿和饰品。     

After the Nicaraguan Non‐Payment Crisis: Alternatives to Microfinance Narcissism

This article argues against ‘microfinance narcissism’ and calls for a re‐politicization of the microfinance paradigm. The dominant verdict on microcredit has undergone a damning transformation, from ‘magic bullet for poverty reduction’ to ‘cause of suicide’. Nowadays, both radical critics and mainstream voices deplore microcredit's negative impact on micro‐entrepreneurs. They argue for a reorientation where credit is targeted at established small and medium‐sized enterprises, particularly in rural areas. The crisis in microfinance worldwide, including burgeoning protests, are viewed as proof of the commercial derailment and/or misplaced faith in microfinance's positive social and economic impact on the poor. This article engages with this debate through a study of the Nicaraguan micro‐finance crisis. It challenges existing analyses that pin the crisis on agricultural over‐indebtedness, lack of due diligence, or Sandinista populist politics. Illustrating the dangers of neglecting the diverse nature of microfinance, it reveals the paradoxical outcomes of the crisis: a refocus on the urban at the expense of agricultural credit for small and medium enterprises and a consolidation of the power of national processing elites. Nicaragua's Non‐Payment Movement is also shown to be both a product of elite manipulation and an expression of legitimate resistance to an industry that turns a blind eye to the manner in which markets and politics constrain clients’ potential.     

Phylogenetic analysis of a new fossil Notonectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from the Late Jurassic of China

Zhang W.T., Yao Y.Z. & Ren D., June 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of a new fossil Notonectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from the Late Jurassic of China. Alcheringa, 239–250. ISSN 0311-5518.

A new fossil species Notonecta vetula sp. nov. is described and illustrated using nymph and adult fossil specimens collected from the Upper Jurassic Chijinqiao Formation, Yumen City, Gansu Province, China. A phylogenetic analysis, based on a combination of fossil and extant backswimmers, was conducted to confirm the position of the new fossil within the Notonectidae.

Wei-ting Zhang [zhangweitinghao@163.com], Yun-zhi Yao* [yaoyz100@gmail.com] and Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China; *Corresponding author; also affiliated with: State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China. Received 13.7.2011; revised 19.9.2011, accepted 27.9.2011.     

Two new species of Mesosciophilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from the Yanliao biota of Inner Mongolia,China

Wang, Q., Zhao, Y.Y. & Ren, D., December 2012. Two new species of Mesosciophilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from the Yanliao biota of Inner Mongolia, China. Alcheringa 36, 509–514. ISSN 0311-5518.

Two new species assigned to Mesosciophila Rohdendorf and Paramesosciophilodes Zhang in the Mesosciophilidae are described and illustrated: Mesosciophila sigmoidea sp. nov. and Paramesosciophilodes aequus sp. nov. They are established based on fossil specimens with bodies and complete wings. Both were collected from the Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China.     

小河沿文化界说

关于小河沿文化的内涵和命名问题,学术界虽讨论了多年,但至今仍存在较大争议。通过对燕山以北地区小河沿文化遗址材料和墓地材料的检讨,重新界定了小河沿文化的基本内涵和分布范围。经过进一步的比对分析,认为燕山以南的雪山一期遗存、中贾壁遗存、午方遗存(类型)总体特征与小河沿文化区别明显,不宜纳入小河沿文化范畴。燕山以南各类遗存中所见的少部分小河沿文化因素,实为相同时期诸考古学文化之间彼此交流或受到了相同文化影响的结果。     

旅游规划的定位与定向

在回顾国内外旅游规划发展状况的基础上,本文论述了旅游规划的地位与作用。进而从旅游规划的对象、任务、理论和技术四大方面,结合国情探讨了旅游规划的发展方向。     

河北农业合作化运动述评

本文分两个阶段考察了河北农业合作化运动的发展过程 ,论述了各阶段的特点及其原因 ,在指出工作中存在的缺点和错误的同时 ,充分肯定了河北省农业合作化运动的成就。文中还对河北省一批受到毛泽东赞扬的闻名全国的办社典型作了分析 ,指出它们不仅对河北省而且对全国的农业合作化运动都产生了重大的积极影响。     

旅游客源预测的神经网络方法

对旅游业来说,客源是赖以存在和发展的关键因素。根据游客人数的多少,旅游接待地可相应确定旅游接待服务设施规模,因此对游客数量进行预测是很重要而且是十分必要的。本文提出了一种基于人工神经网络的旅游客源预测方法,用以对旅游客源进行预测。文中首先介绍了神经网络的基本原理,以及BP算法的运算过程。在此基础上,针对入境旅游人数预测的特定问题构造了一个神经网络模型,对近些年入境旅游人数进行了较为准确的预测,并将其结果与传统方法进行了比较。结果表明:该方法能有效地对旅游客源进行预测,结果优于传统方法,具有很高的准确性和鲁棒性。     

金沙遗址博物馆大气污染特征研究

为全面了解金沙遗址博物馆遗址区空气污染特征及污染物来源,在2019年秋季对遗址保护厅内外大气中细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了观测,并对各自化学组分进行了全面分析。结果发现:金沙遗址博物馆遗址保护厅内外PM_2.5污染严重,平均质量浓度分别为77.0μg/m³和94.6μg/m³;受人为影响程度的不同,室内昼夜差异明显强于室外。室外的OM、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-浓度高于室内,而室内的NH+4和典型的地壳元素(K⁺、Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺)浓度高于室外;受化学组成的影响,室内外PM_2.5分别呈碱性和酸性。地壳元素在整体元素中占据绝对主导,室内外占比分别可达82.8%和84.4%。通过富集因子分析得知Cu(室外)、Ag、Cd、Sb元素均达到了重度富集。室内外VOCs浓度几乎相同,分别为81.2×10^-9和81.3×10^-9,其中烷烃的贡献比例最高,分别为44%和46%;源自机动车、工业溶剂涂料使用、燃油挥发及生物质燃烧等人为源的VOCs物质在室外的浓度要明显高于室内。这些研究结果对于金沙遗址博物馆遗址区空气质量的全面了解、土遗址及其中文物的高质量保存和提供优质的参观环境具有重要意义。