1961～1963年江苏省国民经济调整中的职工和城镇人口精减

1958年的"大跃进"和1959年庐山会议后的继续"跃进",导致了企业职工和城镇人口的急剧膨胀。面对严重的经济困难,江苏省在中共中央、华东局的领导下大幅度精减职工和城镇人口,从1961年1月到1963年7月底,全省有143万城镇人口、77万全民所有制职工被精减回乡或下乡,既支援了农业,又减轻了国家负担,成为江苏省国民经济调整中的一个关键环节。     

ON THE SENSITIVITY OF GRAVITY MODEL FORECASTS*

In this paper we present a procedure for estimating small changes in gravity model forecasts in response to small changes in input values (trip end totals and/or parameter values). The procedure can be used to derive covariance matrices from which confidence intervals may be obtained and which may be used for tests of hypotheses. While this type of problem has been addressed by others, our approach is the only one that is conveniently applicable to the doubly constrained model and can accommodate the large numbers of origin and destination zones one typically encounters.     

Large Sample-Size Distribution of Statistics Used In Testing for Spatial Correlation

Test statistics for testing for spatial correlation in continuous variables have been given by both Moran and Geary and have subsequently been generalized. It has been conjectured for a long time that under the hypothesis of no spatial correlations all these statistics are normally distributed when the sample size is large. This paper proves a very general theorem on the large sample normality of quadratic forms. As corollaries to the theorem the asymptotic normality, under the hypothesis, of all the above-mentioned statistics is established. The necessary conditions are quite unrestrictive. It is also shown, by means of a counter example, that the conditions given in a similar theorem (Cliff and Ord) are inadequate to ensure normality.     

志书质量标准体系的建立是地方志事业成熟的标志

地方志事业法制化建设的同时,志书质量标准体系的拟定也势在必行。制定志书质量标准体系具有9方面作用和2方面现实价值,而且有利于地方志事业的健康发展和学科建设。文章具体研究了志书质量标准体系的内涵和制定方法,认为志书质量标准体系的建立是地方志事业成熟的标志。     

Some Aspects of State–NGO Relationships in India in the Post-Independence Era

This article discusses some aspects of state–NGO relationships in India at the central and local levels from 1947 onwards. It draws its analytical framework from studies which incorporate organizational complexities and characteristics, political, social, and economic realities, associational cultures of individual countries, and human agency in analysing state–NGO relationships. It examines the applicability to India of some propositions on state–NGO relationships which are found in the literature. The author argues that there are observable differences in state–NGO relationships in various localities; these are illustrated through a set of case studies of local state–NGO interactions in the context of housing and land policies for the urban poor. Despite these differences, however, the author argues that the relationship at the local level can be generally characterized by the hostility of politicians, party workers, local élites, lower level bureaucrats, and lower level employees of the state toward NGO activity.     

环境压力与土地利用形式的转变——以汾阳文湖变迁为例

文湖是古代晋中重要湖泊之一,宋、金以前,湖域广阔,有着重要的社会经济效益。随着人地矛盾压力增大,宋、金已有两次开渠泄湖,到了万历四年彻底泄湖,文湖随即消亡。通过对文湖变迁过程的环境因素分析,本文认为文湖土地利用形式的转化,是区域自然、人文环境压力日趋紧张作用的结果,在看到泄湖为田之后的负面影响时,也应指出在区域生态环境长期发展下的行为适应性和无奈。这种因环境压力而导致的适应性土地利用行为,是历史时期人类土地利用形式转变的共性之一。     

新见北宋李颀墓志考释

北宋李颀墓志,全称<宋故将仕郎守青州文学李君墓志铭并序>,2008年春出土于山东省青州市云门山北麓.墓志一合,石灰石质.志盖、志石边长均78、厚均14厘米.志盖残损,上刻字径9厘米的阴文篆书"宋故文学李君墓志盖"9字(图一),四刹浅雕龙、凤、力士、云朵图案.志文楷书,字径1.5厘米,计27行,满行37字,凡847字(图二).现将志文标点断句,并作考证诠释.不当之处,敬请方家批评指正.     

馆藏清代《牧牛图》轴的微生物病害研究

馆藏书画文物易受到微生物的侵害,全面调查馆藏书画文物的微生物病害信息有助于制定相关的保护措施。本研究利用分子生物学方法,对楚州博物馆旧藏《牧牛图》轴上黑色污斑和红色污斑处的微生物进行了分离培养和鉴定,并对微生物的酶活进行了测定。结果表明:书画文物表面污染物中分离得到13个序列,它们主要隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)和根霉属(Rhizopus)。酶活测定结果提示:酯酶、类脂酯酶以及N-乙酰-β-氨基葡糖苷酶等胞外酶与微生物腐蚀相关。本研究结果为微生物对馆藏书画文物的损伤机理提供了相关的数据支撑。