Where Will Europe End? Ukraine and the Limits of European Integration

In an exploratory essay, two geographers assess long-term prospects for Ukraine's integration into European economic and political structures, most notably the European Union. The analysis is based on an examination of such commonly cited yardsticks as economic reform, political liberalization, and efforts to combat corruption (“internal obstacles”) as well as geographic factors such as relative location, production structure, and commercial relations (“external obstacles”). Efforts to upgrade and, to some degree, reorient transportation linkages to facilitate connection with Europe are investigated as well. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F40, 010, 018. 3 figures, 3 tables, 42 references.     

Reception,wit, and the unity of Virgil's Georgics 1

This essay considers the ways in which the reception of Virgil's Georgics in eighteenth-century English verse may inform, enrich and complicate present-day readings of Virgil, focusing on questions raised by readers’ detection of wit or humorousness in Virgil and by the critical aim of discovering poetic unity in the Georgics.     

Historical Note

La télévision a joué un rôle essentiel dans la définition de l'intellectuel pour le grand public. L'article s'interroge sur l'évolution de l'exposition médiatique de l'intellectuel, son adaptation aux contraintes de l'outil télévisuel et le statut que lui accorde la télévision, de ses origines à nos jours. Quatre grandes phases se dégagent. La première (années 1950–1960), marquée par l'emprise du pouvoir mais aussi l'ambition culturelle du petit écran, oppose le «savant-professeur» médiatisé à l'intellectuel engagé, absent de la télévision. La deuxième (l'après-68), correspond au moment où même les intellectuels les plus engagés acceptent de se montrer à la télévision. Elle prépare la troisième (fin années 1970-années 1990), celle de l'«intellectuel médiatique» qui se prête volontiers au jeu du spectacle télévisuel. Enfin, depuis les années 1990, s'impose l'intellectuel-expert, choisi par la télévision pour ses talents de communication, et en dehors de tout engagement politique.     

Henry Head in Ewald Hering’s Laboratory in Prague 1884–1886: An Early Study on the Nervous Control of Breathing

Henry Head, the English neurologist, received the main parts of his academic education in Cambridge and in London. In addition, he spent two years in Prague where he worked in the physiology department of the German university under the guidance of Ewald Hering. He was interested in the nervous control of breathing and worked out a new method of recording the tension and the contractions of the diaphragm in anaesthetised animals. His results substantiated the experimental basis of the Hering-Breuer reflexes and included the discovery of a new reflex now named Head’s paradoxical reflex. Head not only wrote an extensive paper about his scientific work, the recollections of his time in Prague also formed a considerable part of his autobiographical notes. These were written some forty years later and still expressed a deep affection for his teacher and mentor.     

A Core-Periphery GIS Model of the Historical Growth and Spread of Islam in China

Abstract

This study presents the methodology and results of a core-periphery GIS model of the historical growth and spread of Islam in China based on a dataset of 1,774 mosques. These sites were organized into data subsets according to their founding dates during five major dynastic periods in Chinese history: Tang/Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republican. Core areas were identified and mapped based on where mosques clustered during each period. North China was the paramount core region in all periods. Not until the late Qing and Republican periods did the Northwest and Yunnan compare with North China, while coastal China never developed into a core area.