从"再造"国民党到"以党治国":论20年代末至30年代初孙科的政治主张

1927年国共分裂后,国民党开始了新一轮的权力重组的过程,蒋介石凭借军事实力,很快占据了国民党的权力中心.     

Risk Management Strategies Among African-American Slaves at Locust Grove Plantation

African Americans faced a variety of risks under the institution of slavery. The theory of risk management is used as a context for understanding the lives of slaves at Locust Grove Plantation in Kentucky and for deconstructing the common myth that slavery was unusually mild there. African Americans used a diversity of means at Locust Grove to cope with risk, including generalized reciprocity, food storage, religion, and strong kinship/community bonds.     

敦煌写本S1725号"日别"考辨

《唐五代书仪研究》内《敦煌写本书仪中所见的唐代婚丧礼俗》征引斯1725号写本书仪有云:"妇人亲迎入室,即是与夫党相识.若有吉凶觐问,日即作书也.近代之人多不亲迎入室,即是遂就妇家成礼,累积寒暑,不向夫家.或逢诞育男女,非止一二.道途或远,不可日别[?]通参舅姑,其有吉凶,理须书疏.妇人虽已成礼,即于夫党元不相识,是名疏也."(290页)     

评1868年中美《浦安臣条约》－以华工出国及华侨保护问题为视角

19世纪中叶,随着资本主义的迅速发展以及黑奴贸易的被禁,西方列强将其寻求廉价劳动力的目光转到了亚洲。两次鸦片战争后,中国人出国佣工形成高潮。签订于1868年的中美《蒲安臣条约》进一步促进了华工出国之步伐,同时也将西方社会保护本国侨民的观念融入其间,对清政府侨政的转变起了促进作用。     

儒家思想对中国传统法律文化发展的影响

在儒家思想的影响下,中国传统法律文化具有自身鲜明的精神品格和制度特征。“性善论”使中国传统法律文化具有“德主刑辅”、“为国以礼”的特色;“民本”思想使中国传统法律文化因“宽仁慎刑”、“重惜民命”而具有浓厚的人文主义特色;“贱商”思想使中国传统法律文化在私法领域呈现出明显的重义轻利的公法文化特色。     

两汉时期河西四郡自然灾害探析——以悬泉汉简为中心

两汉时期是中国历史上自然灾害的多发时期,从传世典籍和出土简牍记载来看,主要有蝗灾、沙尘暴、地震、风灾、干旱五种自然灾害。本文通过以分析上灾害,得到一些启示,以期对今天的防灾、减灾有所借鉴。     

基于环境态度的城市居民环境友好行为意向及认知差异——以海口市为例

居民的行为是社会对环境产生影响的关键因素,对环境有着直接或间接的影响。遏制环境退化,实现可持续发展不仅仅取决于政府,同时与公众的环境态度和行为也有着密不可分的关系。环境态度是否会影响人们实施环境友好行为是研究中的一个重要问题。本研究采用在海口市的调查数据,分析了居民所持的环境态度对其环境友好行为意向的影响。采用"新生态范示"量表(NEP)测量居民的环境态度,并根据环境态度倾向,运用K-Means聚类法将居民划分为近生态中心主义者、近人类中心主义者,在此基础上,应用独立样本t检验,比较了持不同环境态度者在环境友好行为意向与认知上的差异。     

Slag inclusions in iron objects and the quest for provenance: an experiment and a case study

Slag inclusions are found within most archaeological bloomery iron artefacts and are remainders of slag created during the smelting and smithing processes. Although they are widely believed to provide data with the potential for provenancing iron artefacts, previous slag inclusion studies have mostly proven inconclusive. The main aim of the work reported here is to analyse experimental smelting and smithing assemblages (including ore, furnace lining, fuel and slag), to compare these to slag inclusions in the resulting bloom and worked objects, and then explore the relationships between ore, slag and slag inclusions. This study has revealed that the composition of slag inclusions most closely relates to the smelting slag produced, whereas provenance to a specific ore would be difficult due to the chemical variability derived from furnace lining, fuel and any fluxes used. Some compounds in the slag inclusions are particularly affected during smithing of the artefact, i.e. those present in the sand flux and fuel used. However, trends are observed in the K₂O/MgO, MnO/SiO₂, Al₂O₃/SiO₂, Al₂O₃/MgO, Al₂O₃/K₂O and Al₂O₃/CaO ratios that allow comparison between slag inclusions and smelting slag in these experiments, and may therefore be used during other provenancing attempts. The knowledge gained from the experimental assemblages was subsequently applied to an archaeological case study, examining objects from the 900 Cal BC smithing site of Tel Beth-Shemesh, Israel and the 930 Cal BC smelting site of Tell Hammeh, Jordan. The analyses suggest that none of the artefacts examined derived from the Hammeh smelting system.