新农村建设以来京郊农村人居环境特征与影响因素分析

优化农村人居环境,改善农民生活质量,统筹城乡发展是社会主义新农村建设的一项重要内容。本文通过对北京市首批市级新农村规划建设试点村的问卷调查,探讨了新农村建设以来京郊农村人居环境的发展变化特征,并运用因子分析和有序多分类逻辑回归模型,对影响农村人居环境变化的主要因素进行解析。研究表明:京郊农村经济总量不断增加,产业结构多元化态势明显,但农民收入地域差异显著,源自经济环境的压力较大;农村基础设施配套水平提升显著,但公共服务质量有待改善,公共设施管理维护亟需跟进;社会氛围、文娱生活、村容村貌、生产成本、生活成本、服务配套等因素是影响京郊农村人居环境变化的主要因素,其中社会氛围是核心因素,生活成本、服务配套因素是制约京郊农村人居环境质量提升的主要障碍。     

Agglomeration,foreign firms and firm exit in regions under transition: the increasing importance of related variety in Hungary

ABSTRACT

Related variety of economic activities is widely recognized to induce regional development; however, it is not clear how this mechanism takes place in regions that go through major structural and institutional transformation. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) is typically a major source of structural change in these areas; and we still need a better understanding on how foreign-owned (foreign) firms affect the dynamics of domestic-owned (domestic) companies. For these reasons we analyse firm-level exit in Hungarian city regions between 1996 and 2011, over the late post-socialist transition in manufacturing industries, focusing on the difference between foreign and domestic firms. Introducing ownership into the related variety calculation, we estimate the probability of firm exit with the region-level related variety calculated separately for foreign and domestic firms. Our results suggest that related variety of foreign firms decreases the probability of domestic firm exit earlier during the economic transition compared to the related variety of domestic firms. This finding supports the idea that FDI plays a formative role in regions under transition, and shows that domestic firms benefit from being in agglomerations where foreign firms are technologically related to each other.     

颐和园藏元代蓝釉白龙纹梅瓶

龙能大能小，能升能隐。大则兴云吐雾，小则隐介藏形；升则飞腾于宇宙之间，隐则潜伏于波涛之内。方今春深，龙乘时变化，犹人得志而纵横四海，龙之为物，可比世之英雄——《三国演义》