回顾传统方志理论 展望当代修志理念——古代名人论方志对当前修志理念的启迪

古代名人对方志的论述非常丰富,传统方志理论从方志的缘起、内容、资料、体例、原则、难点和目的等方面阐释方志思想发展演变。当代修志要突出全面系统、以志辅治的理念,凸显重视民生、关注人文的理念,彰显精取史料、追求真实的理念,追求纂著并重、因创结合的理念,昭示秉笔直书、实事求是的理念,重现敬业慎重、虚怀谦让的理念,凸显存志为用、资治教化的理念。     

Staying Power: What Influences Micro-firm Survival in Tourism?

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how previous experience and location of entrepreneurs influence the survival of new tourism firms. The paper departs from recent evolutionary economic geography advancements, highlighting the importance of routines and skills as well as location-specific knowledge for firm success. While having been well-researched for manufacturing industries characterized by high entry barriers, little knowledge is currently available on the factors influencing survival rates in service sectors with low entry barriers. A quantitative approach applies hazard models to investigate the survival rates over a seven-year period of a total of 133 new micro-tourism firms started between 1999 and 2001 in the four northernmost counties of Sweden. The geo-referenced micro-database ASTRID links information on firm features (e.g. firm births and deaths, spatial coordinates and industry codes) to characteristics of entrepreneurs (e.g. age, education, previous experience). The main finding is that entrepreneurs with previous work experience in related sectors are more likely to survive and, in this case, entrepreneurs without local experience tend to be less successful. We find no evidence that new firms operating in regions specialized in tourism have a survival advantage. Our analysis also indicates that surviving firms improve performance over time. The paper thus contributes new knowledge on the determinants of micro-firm survival in tourism.     

Regional Policy as Interaction between National Institutions and Regional Science

As a reaction to emerging regional imbalances, discussions regarding growth centre policy began in the Nordic countries during the latter part of the 1960s. At this time, a working group within the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) provided a policy option based on international theories from urban and agglomeration economics. Within the actual growth centre policies in Norway, Sweden and Finland, central elements from the EFTA concept related to the scale of the centres were, however, not adopted. Instead, growth centres were located to places that had a smaller population than the 30,000 inhabitants recommended by the EFTA concept. This outcome was related to the fact that the EFTA concept was adapted to the existing regional policy institutions. As these institutions were egalitarian and redistributive in character, the Nordic growth centre policies favoured a more dispersed settlement structure than suggested by the EFTA concept.     

国家地质公园品牌个性对游客行为意图的影响——以陕西翠华山国家地质公园为例

国家地质公园品牌个性的构成及其对游客行为的影响研究还处于浅层次发展阶段。为此,本研究基于前期成果,采取"审视-批判-借鉴-验证"的研究思路,以陕西翠华山国家地质公园为实证调查地,探索国家地质公园品牌个性对游客行为意图的影响,为此本文两次构建结构方程模型,以期获得更为深入的研究结论研究。结果显示:①已有研究的国家地质公园品牌个性维度命名存在一定的偏差,通过纠正检验,得知国家地质公园品牌个性整体构成对游客行为意图存在正向显著影响;②国家地质公园品牌个性各维度对游客行为意图的影响具有明显的异质性特征,维度中景观呈现特征与审美体验特征对游客行为意图具有正向影响,而科学探究特征对游客行为意图影响不显著。     

跨界旅游区旅游经济联系度及其网络特征——以环太湖地区为例

引用社会网络理论与方法,分析环太湖地区旅游经济联系的网络特征,提出跨界旅游区旅游经济联系的机制。结果显示:从网络结构看,环太湖地区整体网络较两省分网络复杂,表明跨界维度越高层级越多,网络结构越复杂,合作难度越大,网络密度层面亦可验证;就点度中心势而言,整体网络较分网络大,表明跨界维度越高层级越多,节点集聚要素与对外辐射能力越强;环太湖地区整体网络边界屏蔽效应显著,分网络中介性较高,合作意愿较强。进一步分析影响边界效应的因素,得到其旅游经济联系机制,展望跨界旅游区发展的趋势。     

Localized mobility clusters: impacts of labour market externalities on firm performance

This article analyses the impact of labour market-induced externalitieson firm performance by using a unique database that connectsattributes of individuals to workplaces for the entire Swedisheconomy. Based on the analysis of 256,985 workplaces, our resultsshow that firms belonging to networks of local job mobility(i.e. ‘localized mobility clusters’) significantlyoutperform other similar firms within the local labour market.The results also indicate that concentrations of similar andrelated firms do not explain any considerable part of the variationsin firm competitiveness. Labour market externalities derivedvia local job mobility produce significantly more powerful effectsfor the involved firms as compared to the degree of co-location,diversity and scale.     

The Dynamics and Volatility of Commercial and Residential Property Prices: Theory and Evidence*

Abstract. This article investigates the dynamics of property prices and their interaction with output growth in a general equilibrium model. Closed form solutions and testable hypotheses are derived from a mildly restricted version of the model. The testable hypotheses are broadly supported empirically. In particular, (1) the volatility of commercial property prices is higher than that of residential property prices, (2) each of the lagged, contemporary, and forward commercial property prices is positively correlated with residential property prices, (3) the contemporaneous covariance between the two property prices is larger than the lagged covariance, and (4) output growth is positively correlated with both property prices. These results are consistent with simulations results that are based on a more general specification of the model.     

Values in a vacuum? Towards an integrated multi‐level analysis of the governance of European space

This article calls for a new analytical approach to address how the emergence of a new European spatial policy field conditions policy‐making and implementation across Europe. This is now urgent because as the new policy field takes shape, its core ideas and values are being contested across different scales, sectors and territories of governance, creating new debates and arenas where understandings of space, place and connectivity, and relations between environment, society and economy, are being recast in a European light. In the full flow of generating a new policy field, we still seem to know little about what is being put at stake, or specifically how this is occurring. A value‐driven critical response from the research community is therefore needed, informed by research activity reaching across many dimensions of governance and policy‐making. The point of developing such an approach is not to discount previous research, but to explore how to generate synthetic and critical insights from different disciplinary and conceptual approaches within an integrated analytical framework. After this discussion, we conclude by proposing that IMAGES (Integrated Multi‐level Analysis of the Governance of European Space) can provide such a framework for analysing the emerging policy field of European spatial polices by constructing narratives of how spatial policy ideas and concepts turn into programming space, and how different territories interrelate with these policy concepts, and at the same time contribute to shaping them. This viewpoint and framework are predicated on the authors' belief that values behind the concepts remain hidden at present, both in policy processes and related research. Spatial policies seem to happen in a vacuum of values. By putting spatial justice as a value into this vacuum and by exploring the multi‐level governance of European space within an integrative analytical framework, the further development and application of the IMAGES framework can fulfil the need to contest the idea of objective policy‐making and analysis in European spatial policy.     

越南出水明清时期外销陶瓷

广西壮族自治区博物馆在自治区成立五十周年之际与越南国家历史博物馆联合举办“海上丝绸之路遗珍—越南出水陶瓷”展览。西汉时期丝绸之路自朝廷派遣张骞两次出使西域后对外贸易进入繁荣期,商品运输,除了通过横贯大陆陆路外,还从海上通往世界各地,其航道称为“海上丝绸之路”。     

周原遗址西周墓葬出土芦苇编织物的材料鉴定及用途研究

西周时期墓葬中有机质的葬具通常保存情况极为不佳,考古学信息不甚明确,因而墓葬研究中往往无法充分利用此类材料,但此类材料具有潜在的考古学研究价值。本研究以2017年度周原遗址齐镇发掘区墓葬内所出严重降解的织物为材料,利用显微技术观察残余的表皮细胞和植硅体形态,鉴定结果表明墓葬内所出织物为芦苇(Phragmites communis),符合先秦文献中对殓席的记载,主要根据《士丧礼》和《既夕礼》两篇内容,梳理了芦苇编织物在丧葬过程中的用法和可能的出土位置,以此进一步判断出土苇席的性质主要为卧席和抗席。