Geographically Weighted Extreme Learning Machine: A Method for Space–Time Prediction

Spatial heterogeneity has been regarded as an important issue in space–time prediction. Although some statistical methods of space–time predictions have been proposed to address spatial heterogeneity, the linear assumption makes it difficult for these methods to predict geographical processes accurately because geographical processes always involve complicated nonlinear characteristics. An extreme learning machine (ELM) has the advantage of approximating nonlinear relationships with a rapid learning speed and excellent generalization performance. However, determining how to incorporate spatial heterogeneity into an ELM to predict space–time data is an urgent problem. For this purpose, a new method called geographically weighted ELM (GWELM) is proposed to address spatial heterogeneity based on an ELM in this article. GWELM is essentially a locally varying ELM in which the parameters are regarded as functions of spatial locations, and geographically weighted least squares is applied to estimate the parameters in a local model. The proposed method is used to analyze two groups of different data sets, and the results demonstrate that the GWELM method is superior to the comparative method, which is also developed to address spatial heterogeneity.     

Amplification and sequencing of Trichuris trichiura ancient DNA extracted from archaeological sediments

Despite high prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection, PCR-based analysis on T. trichiura from archaeological samples has not been established so far. In the present study, we sought to perform PCR-based amplification of T. trichiura aDNA using the sediments from medieval tomb of Korea. The presence of Trichuris eggs were first detected by microscopic observation; then confirmed by PCR-based aDNA analysis. Obtained sequence showed 100% homology to that of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene of T. trichiura but distinct from that of other Trichuris species. PCR-based aDNA analysis in this study can serve as effective method to confirm the presence of T. trichiura eggs in the soils or coprolites collected from archaeological sites.     

洛宁县发现黄土石器工业

<正>2006年12月,根据吕遵谔提供的线索,北京师范大学历史学院与洛阳市文物钻探办公室的考古人员,在洛阳市进行了为期一个多月的旧石     

江苏日伪县知事县长群体分析

沦陷时期江苏苏中、苏南地区的伪县知事、县长在清乡(1942年)前后有较大的变化。清乡前大多由地方上的耆老、商会会长等头面人物担任,清乡后则主要是由日伪政权机关任命的较为年轻者组成,且相当一部分人出身行伍。清乡前日伪中央政权及省政府并不能有效控制县级政权,之后其控制范围也仅囿于苏南各县;而日本占领者对县级政权的人员任免和控制程度正好与伪中央政权相反。     

绅士无以救时:咸丰六年清廷推行团练"任官督率"的背景与意蕴

咸丰三年后京内外官员对于团练效果的激烈批评使得实际承担办团使命的钦派在籍绅士承受了无以救时的沉重压力.在咸丰六年镇压太平天国的军事行动严重受挫的背景下,急于改善团练效果的清廷从相对易于调整和见效的"治法"入手,尝试在10个形势紧要省份推行团练"任官督率"方案,以期收回从地方官员转移至钦派绅士的团练控制权.然而,十省督抚对"任官督率"方案的变通和迁延表明,尽管此前数年对钦派绅士多有不满,责重事繁的"办理团练"事宜务须统合官绅之力仍属共识.咸丰六年的"任官督率"尝试是嘉庆年间首次广泛兴办团练以来清廷从"顶层设计"上探索社会动员策略过程中的重要节点.揭示其背景和意蕴,不仅有助于进一步认识咸同时期团练的作用与角色,亦可加深对于晚清时期的官绅关系和国家如何实现社会动员的理解.     

Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi-analytical approach

Lime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high-ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie’s tomb, representing four types of lime-mortar-based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro-textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant-based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie’s tomb.     

中国古典诗词中地理景观信息及其旅游地理意义分析

中国古典诗词作为中华民族优秀传统文化结晶,其中充满了大量的优美地理景观信息,这些地理景观大多成为现代旅游风景。本文对这些地理景观信息加以分析,提出其地域类型并探讨其旅游地理意义。     

生物技术在文物保护修复中的应用研究进展

在自然因素和人类活动作用下,古代壁画和石雕石刻等珍贵文化遗产普遍存在酥碱粉化、盐霜结壳、风化脱落、烟熏污染等类型病害,研发相应的保护修复材料和技术长期以来都是文物保护领域关注的焦点。近年来,生物纳米材料和生物技术因其绿色环保、兼容适用、效果良好等优势正逐渐成为常规物理措施和化学材料的补充或替代方法。本研究系统总结和梳理了功能微生物、生物酶、代谢产物及创新性生物技术在国内外文物保护修复中的发展脉络和应用现状,重点对生物清洗技术和生物加固技术的最新研究进展和存在的问题进行了综述。旨在为科研工作者开展基于生物技术的文物保护修复创新性研究提供参考和借鉴。     

关于《嘉禾吏民田家莂》中“州吏”问题的剖析——兼论嘉禾五年改革及其效果

《嘉禾四年吏民田家莂》中的内容反映出嘉禾四年吏民田家莉中的“州吏”具有不同于其他租田的五大特征,在与五年田家莂的比较中,“州吏”的情况发生了许多变化,即“州吏”在嘉禾四年为特殊租田的优异身份在五年消失了,而与其他租田趋于同化。嘉禾五年“库吏”、“仓吏”人数的增加反映出嘉禾五年有加强仓库管理的举措。嘉禾五年的改革,使租佃制度得到发展,租佃土地的地区扩大、租佃数量增加、仓库的管理也大为加强,田家莂书写的错误率大大降低了。     

县域主体功能区划分研究——以广东省云安县为例

采用GIS,以云安县为例,以100m×100m格网作为评价单元,根据格网内的环境特征,选用对区域开发建设影响较大的自然生态、生态服务、灾害风险等作为生态敏感性评价条件,约束区域的发展;在分析经济社会发展空间格局的基础上,采用资源承载力、社会支撑力、经济发展力、集聚辐射力、区位支撑力和外部推动力综合评价了经济社会综合发展潜力,作为区域发展的推动力,综合考虑生态敏感性和社会经济综合发展力,划分了主体功能区,并分析了各区的发展方向主要功能和管制措施。