金代解盐使司银铤浅析

本文中的两笏金代解盐银铤,均出土河南省西峡县。经考证,与陕西临潼出土的两笏金代“解盐使司”银铤,出自同一铸地,是金代盐商向解盐使司购买钞引的入纳银铤。它不仅记录了明确的铸造时间、地点和重量,而且对金朝的盐池管理机构、金银铺号、榷货盐司的官吏等方面的记载详尽,为研究金代的盐课税制、金银行会制度、客商制度、白银在当时经济生活中的地位、作用及流通中所设置的管理机构、流通方式等提供了实物资料。     

单体饭店委托管理成功关键影响因素实证分析

委托管理作为饭店连锁经营的主要途径,能够为单体饭店提升饭店竞争能力.但是在我国饭店委托管理的实践中,业主和管理公司之间纠纷较多,管理合同提前终止现象时有发生.如何有效实施委托管理,成为业主、饭店管理公司共同关注的热点问题.本文在文献研究与访谈的基础上,建立了成功实施单体饭店委托管理的关键影响因素的理论假设模型及指标体系,并通过问卷调查与统计分析进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,单体饭店委托管理成功实施的影响因素可分为5个维度:业主自身角色正确定位、饭店硬件匹配、合同全面合理、业主对管理公司准确选择和管理公司对合同有效实施,具体有27个关键影响因素.     

茂陵石刻表面污染物和可溶盐的分析研究

为了厘清造成茂陵石刻文物劣化的原因和机理,对石刻表面的污染物和析出可溶盐进行了分析研究,以找出石刻文物劣化和污染物、可溶盐之间的关系,为制定科学有效的保护措施提供科学依据。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪(FTIR)等仪器对采集的茂陵石刻文物表面污染物和可溶盐进行了表征,用离子色谱(IC)分析了可溶盐的离子种类和含量。结果表明,“马踏匈奴”石刻雕像表面污染物的主要成分是CaSO4·2H2O,其形成原因是石材与空气污染物经长期化学反应形成的钙质结壳,或者是地下水中可溶盐的毛细运移造成的;“怪兽吃羊”石刻雕像表面析出的可溶盐有Na2SO4、NaNO3和CaSO4·2H2O,主要是由于地下水中可溶盐从砖石基座迁移到石刻文物本体,随温湿度变化反复结晶溶解所造成。可溶盐会引起石质文物表面酥粉、片状剥落、内部结构破坏等侵蚀,是茂陵石刻文物的主要病害之一。     

南方地区若干典型遗址出土早期陶器工艺比较分析

古代保留下来的遗存中陶器最为丰富,承载着我国先民们生产、生活的各类丰富信息本工作是在以往中科院上海硅酸盐研究所和景德镇陶瓷学院等单位对我国早期陶器相关科技研究的基础上,在国家自然科学基金的支持下,结合近年来相关考古机构对我国南方广西桂林甑皮岩、江西万年仙人洞、浙江浦江上山等若干典型遗址出土早期陶器的科技研究积累,对各遗址制陶原料的选取和加工、陶器成型及烧成方法等一系列我国早期陶器制作的工艺特,点、技术内涵等进行了比较分析,以期对我国南方不同文化区系早期陶器的演变和发展有更加深入、全面和客观的认识。     

四川博物院藏战国铜编钟饰金工艺的科学分析

为研究战国铜编钟饰金工艺,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线无损检测系统等分析仪器,对四川博物院藏战国铜编钟表面饰金纹饰的形态结构、成分和工艺特征等进行科学分析。形态特征显示:编钟表面有开槽,金丝填充于凹槽内,金丝表面存在明显间隙,部分金丝可见涂抹痕迹和边缘流挂痕迹,纹饰附近的基体上有金色颗粒残留。金丝表面未发现捶打或剪裁等加工痕迹,表明编钟装饰的金丝与传统错金工艺使用的金丝存在明显差异。金丝的成分分析结果显示:Au含量大于91.6%,Ag含量为1.0%~4.0%,Hg含量为0.5%~6.0%,且剖面可见大量孔隙结构。从金丝的形态特征和成分推测编钟采用了凹槽鎏金工艺进行装饰,开槽的目的是为了提高鎏金的附着力。此项工作不仅可为开展巴蜀地区青铜装饰工艺研究提供珍贵的数据支撑,也可为我国古代青铜装饰技法研究提供重要的实物资料。     

北京市休闲型乡村时空修复与潜在风险——以莲花池村为例

城市化进程的加快和城市消费文化的兴起,促使乡村成为资本青睐和占用的空间,其实质是资本为缓解过度积累危机而进行的"时空修复"。基于此,本文在引介时空修复理论基础上,探讨了北京市莲花池村时间修复和空间修复过程,剖析了其背后隐含的潜在风险。研究发现,莲花池村经由资本三级循环实现了空间转型,乡村空间本身成为资本增值元素,内外资本的流动在实现地理空间拓展的同时,造成聚落空间形态的重构和地方组织模式的调整,并孕育了村民内部分层、空间生产同化、空间正义缺失、传统文化消融等多重风险。     

Opposing peace: English political pamphlets against the Treaty of Madrid in 1630

ABSTRACT

In November 1630 the Treaty of Madrid was signed between Philip IV, king of Spain, and Charles I, king of England. During the peace negotiations several pamphlets critical of the pro-Spanish policy of Charles I were printed in England. These publications contributed to the development of an increasing criticism of Charles I, by identifying his neutral European policy with pro-Spanish policies. The anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic rhetoric, which formed the basis of this criticism, was used to promote an aggressive foreign policy and consequently an active opposition to the king. The following pamphlets are discussed in this paper: Considerations T ouching a W arre with Spaine; The M erchandises of Popish P riests; The English Spanish Pilgrim; Further O bservations of the English Spanish Pilgrim; The P ractise of P rinces; The P resent E state of Spayne; and Three S everall T reatises C oncerning the T ruce.     

Implementing Artificial Intelligence in H-BIM Using the J48 Algorithm to Manage Historic Buildings

ABSTRACT

The preservation of the architectural heritage is characterized by the intervention of different technicians, who may disagree on decision-making criteria. In recent years, the H-BIM methodology has emerged to manage these buildings, although the multidisciplinary technical personnel make the decision-taking something of a challenge. In this regard, artificial intelligence may be an opportunity to establish automatic responses, thus optimizing the process. This article proposes a methodology to implement models of classification using the J48 algorithm in a H-BIM model. The case study was focused on a tiles panel from a building which belongs to the Real Alcazar of Seville. First, a model of classification was developed to estimate the degree of intervention with an adequate degree of adjustment. Then, the model was implemented in the H-BIM software by programming using GDL. This methodology automates the decision-making and reduces times of assessments, visualizing and managing the information in the H-BIM model.     

ROAD INVESTMENTS,SPATIAL SPILLOVERS,AND DEFORESTATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON*

ABSTRACT Understanding the impact of road investments on deforestation is part of a complete evaluation of the expansion of infrastructure for development. We find evidence of spatial spillovers from roads in the Brazilian Amazon: deforestation rises in the census tracts that lack roads but are in the same county as and within 100 km of a tract with a new paved or unpaved road. At greater distances from the new roads the evidence is mixed, including negative coefficients of inconsistent significance between 100 and 300 km, and if anything, higher neighbor deforestation at distances over 300 km.