Analysis of Interregional Labor Migration in Spain Using Gross Flows

In this paper we study the economic determinants of Spanish interregional labor force flows from an aggregate perspective. The study is based on a matching model of the labor market applied to migration, and uses gross rather than net flows as other studies do. Among the main results, we find that unemployment increases out-migration because unemployed people search more actively, but when the unemployment rate is above a certain level this effect is reduced. We also find that the rate of change of relative wages is a significant determinant of migration in Spain.     

论城市旅游形象塑造——以武汉市为例

本文针对我国城市旅游形象的现状与问题,阐述了如何从理念定位、视觉强化和宣传推销三个环节来塑造城市旅游形象的观点,并以此为依据,对武汉市旅游形象塑造进行了设计。     

金代解盐使司银铤浅析

本文中的两笏金代解盐银铤,均出土河南省西峡县。经考证,与陕西临潼出土的两笏金代“解盐使司”银铤,出自同一铸地,是金代盐商向解盐使司购买钞引的入纳银铤。它不仅记录了明确的铸造时间、地点和重量,而且对金朝的盐池管理机构、金银铺号、榷货盐司的官吏等方面的记载详尽,为研究金代的盐课税制、金银行会制度、客商制度、白银在当时经济生活中的地位、作用及流通中所设置的管理机构、流通方式等提供了实物资料。     

Roman Glazed Ceramics in the Western Mediterranean: Chemical Characterization by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry of Ceramic Bodies

Several objects of Roman lead-glazed ceramic, found inHispania(Spain), were sampled and analysed in order to characterize them to study the spread of glazed ceramic in the western Mediterranean. Chemical analyses were carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry.Studies of the chemical composition of the ceramic bodies indicate that ceramics from two different production centres reachedHispaniaduring the Roman period: a non-calcareous fabric, coming from Lyon workshops, and calcareous bodies with bicoloured glazes from another main production centre, which is suggested to be Italy. Other objects, of central Gaulish or eastern origin, have also been found in the western Mediterranean, but only occasionally.     

On the Performance of the Subtour Elimination Constraints Approach for the p‐Regions Problem: A Computational Study

The p‐regions is a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for the exhaustive clustering of a set of n geographic areas into p spatially contiguous regions while minimizing measures of intraregional heterogeneity. This is an NP‐hard problem that requires a constant research of strategies to increase the size of instances that can be solved using exact optimization techniques. In this article, we explore the benefits of an iterative process that begins by solving the relaxed version of the p‐regions that removes the constraints that guarantee the spatial contiguity of the regions. Then, additional constraints are incorporated iteratively to solve spatial discontinuities in the regions. In particular we explore the relationship between the level of spatial autocorrelation of the aggregation variable and the benefits obtained from this iterative process. The results show that high levels of spatial autocorrelation reduce computational times because the spatial patterns tend to create spatially contiguous regions. However, we found that the greatest benefits are obtained in two situations: (1) when ; and (2) when the parameter p is close to the number of clusters in the spatial pattern of the aggregation variable.     

后生产主义乡村多元价值空间重构研究——基于无锡马山镇的实证分析

阐释后生产主义乡村内涵和特征基础上,以无锡马山镇为实证,运用文献分析法和图谱比较法,比较分析城郊乡村从生产主义到后生产主义的经济形态、功能布局及空间景观的变迁。研究表明：后生产主义乡村具有非农化、多功能化、生态化和空间资本化特征,并呈现多元景观和价值空间;近30年马山镇从传统山村——乡村工业化——生态旅游度假岛的发展过程,也是从生产性乡村逐步演化到后生产性乡村的过程;马山后生产性乡村多元价值空间重构过程,是在空间生产机制作用下,面向旅游消费、高品质居住和生态服务等多元价值空间产生、扩张和集聚,具有后生产主义乡村特征的景观在镶嵌、蔓延和组合中得以塑造     

DIET AND ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH‐EASTERN IBERIA DURING THE BRONZE AGE,BASED ON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REMAINS

A large sample of human bones from a series of archaeological sites in the south‐eastern Iberian Peninsula was selected for δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N stable isotope analysis. Except for some contrast samples, the remains date from the first half of the second millennium cal BC and are ascribed to the Argar Culture, which developed during the Bronze Age in south‐eastern Iberia. Most authors have considered that this region reached a high degree of social hierarchical organization at this time, as demonstrated by the funerary record, both with regard to the grave goods and to the evidence of physical effort and diseases on the human remains. Results of the isotope analysis revealed the existence of differences among the settlements studied, as well as differences over time within every settlement and among the various individuals tested. Some variances can be assigned to social classes/status and others are linked to chronological factors. In particular, changes in δ¹³C can be explained by the increasing aridity of the first half of the second millennium cal BC, although other causes can be put forward too.     

深埋在老城墙的岁月

天气渐冷的时候，离我家不远的北门坡口突然堆积了些建筑材料，高大的广告牌上这样解释：这里将在2008年7月前，矗立起一座城门楼，也就是说，将复原西宁城600年前的北门城楼。