The children of Kaminaljuyu: Isotopic insight into diet and long distance interaction in Mesoamerica

Known for its spectacular tombs and adobe talud–tablero architecture, the highland Guatemalan city of Kaminaljuyu is key to models of long distance interaction in Mesoamerica. We use stable isotopic data from human bone, dentine and tooth enamel to reconstruct Kaminaljuyu’s dietary history. Stable carbon isotope ratios and alkaline earth ratios of enamel carbonate indicate a decline in maize consumption from Preclassic to Classic periods, perhaps due to the desiccation of Lake Miraflores, which was used to irrigate Late Preclassic fields. Stable oxygen and strontium isotope ratios in enamel shed light on the geographic origin of Early Classic skeletons, and show that the central skeletons in the tombs were local children. However, four decapitated skulls and two peripheral skeletons show enriched oxygen ratios, similar to Lowland Maya sites. Strontium isotope ratios indicate that most of these are from an area underlain by Cretaceous limestones; one is from a metamorphic region. Two individuals may have traveled to or from Central Mexico. The greater evidence for lowland individuals among the tomb skeletons implies that political connections with the Maya area were more significant to elites at Kaminaljuyu than was direct contact with Central Mexico.     

河南博物院观众满意度调查报告

以河南博物院为研究对象而进行的观众调查,目的是了解观众的自然特征和参观态度,以及对博物馆配套设施的评价.调查数据的分析利用,对了解观众需求,改进博物馆展览水平,以及更好地实现"以人为本"的服务宗旨是不无裨益的.     

双墩遗址黑陶渗炭工艺初探

双墩遗址是淮河流域新石器时代中期的一个重要遗址。该遗址出土了相当数量的黑陶,黑陶的制作工艺有多种,为探明双墩遗址黑陶的制作工艺,采用了XRD、喇曼光谱、重烧试验、显微、岩相、SEM和EDS探针等技术,对双墩遗址出土黑陶和局部发黑陶器进行了综合的测试分析。结果指出,陶器整个表层的黑色物质是炭黑。碳元素沿剖面的分布为:内外表层高而中间低,而内外表层0.6mm范围内炭含量的分布不甚均匀,存在明显的高低起伏,表明双墩遗址主要采用渗炭工艺制作黑陶。     

Crying on Lombard Street: fixing sovereign defaults in the 1890s

The wave of sovereign defaults in the 1890s was one of the worst ever remembered in the history of finance. From Argentina in 1890 to Brazil in 1898, countries in Latin America and Southern Europe defaulted on their external debt, inflicting investors with huge losses. However, this was the last cluster of defaults of the gold standard era. At the beginning of the 20th century and until the outbreak of World War I, defaults were less frequent despite the continuous increase in foreign government borrowing. The literature has provided several explanations on this apparent success all relative to improvements introduced in the market. This paper argues that the fall in the number of defaults is more related to a more favorable world macroeconomic environment and to an increased liquidity available in international financial markets than to an abrupt shift in the manner in which defaults were handled. I show that settlements were more correlated with the relative facility to re-access foreign capital markets than to changes in the financial architecture.     

The use of forest resources in central Iberia during the Late Iron Age. Insights from the wood charcoal analysis of Pintia,a Vaccaean oppidum

Charred woods may be used to effectively reconstruct past wood acquisition strategies. We used anthracological data from the pre-Roman settlement of Pintia (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid) to examine the use of forest resources at the local scale. Palaeoecological data revealed heterogeneous landscapes in the inland northern meseta with environments that offered diverse sources of wood for the inhabitants of Pintia, one of the first cities of inland Iberia. Pines (Pinus pinea/pinaster and Pinus sylvestris/nigra) and both evergreen and deciduous Quercus L. and Juniperus L. were the main taxa identified as both fuelwood and construction elements, but the assemblages and frequencies of these taxa differed depending on their use. We also examined the potential of models from human ecology by considering the frequency, handling time and the relative technological value of each taxon to model how people gathered wood resources. The results suggest that although local availability affected the forest resources that were used by the Vaccaei people, specific taxa were positively selected for specific uses.     

汉阳陵地下博物馆遗址表面白色物质分析研究

土遗址表面泛白与保存环境湿度有很大关系,在干燥的环境中保存的土遗址常发生表面泛白现象.汉阳陵外藏坑展示厅是我国首个全封闭式的地下展厅,展厅内13号遗址坑内湿度(RH)常年100%,在这样高湿的环境中遗址表面仍然泛白严重.为了说明汉阳陵土遗址表面泛白原因及白色物质来源,本工作利用XRF、FT-IR、XRD和离子色谱对13号坑遗址表面白色样品元素组成、离子和物象组成进行了分析.结果表明,白色物质主要成分为石膏(CaSO4·2H2O),根据白色物质离子色谱的分析结果推测泛白原因可能为土壤可溶盐的迁移富集的产物.     

Underwater Archaeology in Colombia: Between Commercial Salvage and Science

International Journal of Historical Archaeology - This article summarizes the progress and current state of underwater archaeology in Colombia over the past three decades. It also presents the...     

Violencia y género en Los comendadores de Córdoba de Lope de Vega

This article studies the correct generic framing of an early work of Lope de Vega,Los comendadores de Córdoba, which has attracted recent criticism, in part because the structure of tragedy is undermined by numerous laughable and grotesque elements. It therefore seems to be a play characterized by failure to follow the path of a specific genre. This article tries to overcome this problem by studying the relationship between gender and violence.     

基于WebQual体系的旅行社在线服务质量评估研究

本文从旅行社网站服务质量的视角,引入B2C电子商务网站服务质量的Web Qual评价体系,针对旅行社的业务特点对其加以细化和改进后,结合熵权法,构建了旅行社网站服务质量综合评价模型T-Web Qual。然后利用该模型评估了部分2012年全国百强旅行社的在线服务质量。实证研究发现：我国旅行社电子商务网站的软硬件设施建设已经具有一定基础,但是商务理念和服务意识仍显不足;在线服务的技术性和专业性有待提高;在线旅游产品的消费者满意度不高。针对当前旅行社网站存在的问题,本文提出了相应的发展建议。