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41.
Jennifer F. Byrnes D. Andrew Merriwether Joyce E. Sirianni Esther J. Lee 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(4):303-311
Thirteen burials located on Jackson Street in Youngstown, NY, USA were recovered from a construction site and excavated in 1997. Based on the artifact assemblage, it was suggested that the cemetery was used sometime between the late 1700s and 1840. No historical records existed, and initial assessment of the skeletal remains was not able to determine any cultural affiliation. We carried out osteological and genetic investigations in order to gain insight into ancestral affiliation and kinship of the unknown individuals from the burials. Due to poor preservation of the remains, dental traits and limited osteological observations were available for only a few individuals. We performed DNA extraction and sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region following standard ancient DNA procedures. Our results suggest that ten individuals have evidence of biological affiliation with Native Americans, and in particular, four individuals have maternal Native American ancestry. One male individual was determined to be of European ancestry, from both the mtDNA and osteological results. This burial may reflect admixture as a result of frequent contact between Native Americans and Europeans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and attempts by missionaries to convert Native Americans to Christianity. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of a multifaceted approach through archaeological, osteological, and genetic analysis that provides valuable perspectives in understanding the individuals buried at the Jackson Street Burials. 相似文献
42.
Joyce Davidson 《Social & Cultural Geography》2013,14(7):791-806
In this article, I examine cultural narratives about the lives and places of women with mental illness in the commercial Hollywood film: Girl Interrupted (1999). In contrast to most of the disability studies literature concerned with cultural representation, this article explicitly examines how the spatiality of ‘mad women's’ lives is constructed through film. Drawing on post-structuralist, and feminist perspectives on disability, and on conceptual ideas from the limited social geographic literature concerned with the lives of persons with mental illness, I explore the contradictory cultural narratives about the lives and places of women with mental illness constructed through this film. This approach recognizes that representations of ‘mad women’ and their places in society and space involve contradictory, tension-laden relationships between spectator and cultural product, complex discursive negotiations of meaning, and gendered processes of meaning-making, in some ways affirming mad women's lives and in others perpetuating negative stereotypes about women with mental illness and where they belong. 相似文献
43.
In the four decades since the discovery that a discrete Bronze Age preceded the Iron Age in mainland Southeast Asia, much
has been learned about the dating, technology, production, organization, and use of bronze metallurgy in the region, particularly
in prehistoric Thailand. Although independent invention of copper smelting in Southeast Asia has not been considered likely
by most regional archaeologists since the 1980s, the source of copper-base technology and the mechanisms of adoption remain
poorly understood. Arguments claiming that the primary stimulus for the appearance of copper-base metallurgy in Southeast
Asia came from early states in the Central Plain of China have dominated recent discussions, but anthropological approaches
to technology transmission, adoption, and adaptation have yet to be systematically explored. After summarizing the current
evidence for early bronze metallurgy in Thailand, this paper proposes an alternative to the predominant Sinocentric view of
the source for Southeast Asian bronze technology. It will be proposed on both chronological and technological grounds that
the first bronze metallurgy in Southeast Asia was derived from pre-Andronovo late third millennium BC Eurasian forest-steppe
metals technology, and not from the second millennium, technologically distinctive, élite-sponsored bronze metallurgy of the
Chinese Erlitou or Erligang Periods. Hypotheses for a transmission route and a research agenda for resolving debates on bronze
origins in Southeast Asia are offered. 相似文献
44.
Jessica Joyce Christie 《Tourism Geographies》2019,21(3):482-507
AbstractThe cultural landscape of the town of Copacabana and nearby ancient sites on Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, have functioned as magnetic places of pilgrimage from Inka times to the present. They are analyzed as landscape constructions through the eyes of political and religious authorities as well as through those of the common pilgrims in a bottom-up perspective from Inka to Colonial times and to the present. Methodologies used are study of pertaining archaeological data and Colonial documents complemented by ethnographic interviews and participant observation. The data demonstrate how the past is redefined in the present as local heritage in a landscape perceived as Andean as well as Christian. Throughout Andean history, Copacabana has been the land terminal for pilgrims to set over to the Islands of the Sun and Moon to visit empowered shrines (wak’as) viewed as places of emergence of the Sun and the first humans. This pilgrimage was fabricated into state ideology by the Inka from ca. A.D.1450–1550. After the Spanish invasion, Copacabana became the seat of a widely revered Virgin who attracts pilgrims from all over Bolivia and southern Peru. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in early August 2015 and 2017 during one of the pilgrimages. Most visitors identify as pilgrim-tourists and many walk to five spatially distinct but thematically related wak’ as at which the past coalesces with the present and the secular with the divine in passionate and colorful performances for family wellbeing. Discussions center on the limited spatial control of the Catholic Church and on the growing practice of making new wak’as in Andean terms to the Virgin at selected landscape features outside of town as a form of popular heritage. Findings demonstrate that local Aymara people are not passive Colonial victims but selectively adopt from their conquerors what they hope may help alleviate poverty. 相似文献
46.
Joyce Marcus 《Journal of Archaeological Research》1995,3(1):3-53
This article isolates three important trends in Lowland Maya archaeology during the last decade: (1) increased use of the conjunctive approach, with renewed appreciation of context and provenience; (2) waning use of the label unique to describe the Maya; and (3) an effort to use the Lowland Maya as a case study in social evolution. 相似文献
47.
Ruth Pearson 《Development and change》1997,28(4):671-705
This article argues that Cuba's economic demise following the collapse of the former Soviet Union should be seen as a crisis in reproduction as well as a crisis in consumption and production. Using qualitative field research carried out in 1994 and 1995 in Havana and in the province of Matanzas, the author shows that the commodities and services required for reproduction could no longer be guaranteed through the distribution system of the Cuban state. Consequently, people began to devise a range of survival strategies in order to ensure the reproduction of their households, including trading in unofficial markets, leaving formal employment and engaging in a portfolio of income-generating activities in the informal sector. Such strategies were patterned by the existing sexual division of labour and show a reinforcement of traditional gender roles. The article argues that these changes will have important political as well as economic consequences for Cuba's future. 相似文献
48.
49.
Philip Joyce 《Congress & the Presidency》2016,43(3):279-299
The Congressional Budget Office, which turned 40 years old in 2015, was created in order to provide the Congress with independent budgetary and economic information. The impact of CBO has been most clearly felt in its cost estimates of pending legislation. CBO is sometimes criticized for its estimates, and the article addresses several of these criticisms. The future influence of CBO will depend on its ability to maintain its nonpartisan reputation. 相似文献
50.