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81.
Jon Sterngass 《American Nineteenth Century History》2013,14(2):35-59
The New York state resort of Saratoga Springs was virtually unique in the antebellum United States as a venue where slave owners, fleeing the pestilential diseases of the plantation, confronted free black workers, drawn by the easy availability of seasonal work. The interactions of this odd pairing, preserved in a few fragmentary texts, reveal a considerable degree of negotiation. Antebellum black workers at Saratoga often substituted everyday acts of rebellion for the perceived futility of open attacks on individuals or institutions of domination. If their self‐assertion did not translate into substantial economic or social gains, neither were they a particularly servile or degraded class. For Southerners, the spa was a liminal site filled with pleasurable and frightening possibilities in complete contrast to plantation life. Although planters often returned to the South confirmed in their racial and sectional fears, both groups found the resort a congenial place to experiment with new roles and new attitudes. 相似文献
82.
Jon Shaw 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2013,129(4):289-309
The Central Scotland Transport Corridor Studies (CSTCSs) were announced in 2001 to investigate means of addressing problems of congestion along the A8, A80 and M74. The studies were to be undertaken on the principle of the English multi modal studies, wherein the search for ‘solutions’ to traffic congestion problems involved considering a range of modal options on an equal footing. This paper reviews the outcome of the multi modal studies and, against this background, analyses the decisions arising from the CSTCSs. It suggests that, although the amount of funding to be spent on road schemes — around 76% of the total budget — is undoubtedly high, the Scottish Executive's decisions should probably receive a cautious welcome, even in the context of the ‘sustainable’ transport agenda set out by UK ministers shortly after Labour's election to power in 1997. 相似文献
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Nicholas P. Jew Jon M. Erlandson Torben C. Rick Leslie Reeder-Myers 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2014,6(3):293-303
To evaluate coastal settlement and land use strategies among maritime hunter-gatherers, we analyzed oxygen isotope (δ18O) data from 131 marine carbonate samples from 21 California mussel (Mytilus californianus) shells obtained from a large ~8,200-year-old shell midden (CA-SRI-666) on California’s Santa Rosa Island. Seasonal distributions of the isotopic data were assigned using a paleo-sea surface temperature model created by comparing modern sea surface temperatures (SST) to a fully profiled ~8,200-year-old shell. For 20 additional shells, we used two sampling strategies to compare season-of-harvest inferences and explore whether the Early Holocene site occupants were sedentary. Estimated season-of-harvest differed by 35 % between the two sampling methods, corroborating recent isotope analysis of an 8,800-year-old shell midden on San Miguel Island. Shellfish appear to have been collected year-round at CA-SRI-666 from intertidal or subtidal water temperatures similar to modern SST in the vicinity of eastern Santa Rosa Island. The isotope results are consistent with other evidence from CA-SRI-666 that suggest that the site served as a residential base for relatively sedentary maritime people. 相似文献
86.
Hegemonic accounts of urban homelessness, focusing on attempts to restrict homeless people's presence in public space, stress the punitive nature of current homelessness policy. In contrast, in this paper we explore the “messy middle ground” of the UK homeless services system. Examining Stacey Murphy's (2009) (Antipode 41(2):305–325) arguments regarding a shift to a “post‐revanchist” era in San Francisco, we chart the apparent similarities between developments in San Francisco and changes to the management of street homelessness bought in to effect by the New Labour government in the UK, and assess the extent to which such developments might be read as holding in tension more obviously punitive and supportive trends usually viewed as necessarily oppositional. In the final part of the paper we present a re‐reading of recent changes to the management of street homelessness in the UK through a postsecular lens. We suggest that this lens provides the possibility for a much more optimistic reading of homeless services and of the grammars of homelessness and urban (in)justice more broadly, and make the case for an alternative mode of academic attentiveness open to sometimes subtle and smaller‐scale yet nonetheless important examples of different ways of understanding and doing. 相似文献
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Jon Henderson Oscar Pizarro Matthew Johnson‐Roberson Ian Mahon 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2013,42(2):243-256
Creating photo‐mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost‐effectively and, most importantly, to a high level of geometric accuracy remains a huge challenge in underwater archaeology. This paper describes a system that takes geo‐referenced stereo imagery from a diver‐propelled platform and combines it with mapping techniques widely used in the field of robotic science to create high‐resolution 2D photo‐mosaics and detailed 3D textured models of submerged archaeological features. The system was field tested on the submerged Bronze Age town of Pavlopetri off the coast of Laconia, Greece, in 2010. This paper outlines the equipment used, data collection in the field, image processing and visualization methodology. 相似文献
89.
The devastation wrought by landmines on local populations is well known. However, the broader effects of mine presence on postwar recovery, and the progress of a ‘peace process’, remain largely unexamined. Both the academic and the practitioner literature regarding landmines lack a framework within which the mix of economic, political, social, agricultural, and ecological repercussions of mine presence in a context of postwar recovery can be investigated. Here, we consider the utility of political ecology to examine the influence of landmine presence on the socioecological relations important to postwar recovery in Mozambique. Landmines constitute the primary obstacle to the reconstruction and development in Mozambique. Because mine presence influences different aspects of recovery differently, we have selected three cases in the country where mine presence has impacted important components of recovery: agriculture, transportation corridors, and international investment. Peace process and recovery efforts by the international community do not presently address the broader, non-medical influences of landmine presence on recovery, and it is the intention of this article to contribute to an initial examination of these issues. 相似文献
90.
Jon Stobart 《Journal of Historical Geography》2002,28(4):471-485
Our understanding of an eighteenth-century renaissance in English towns is based around the emergence of cultural infrastructures and organisations which formed the cultural capital of a polite society concerned with both sociability and differentiation. Urban improvements are seen as spreading to a wide variety of towns including a number of large commercial centres. This paper explores the experience of this urban renaissance in Liverpool, focusing in particular on the ways in which cultures and counter cultures were created around the changing social and economic infrastructure of the town. The changes occurring in Liverpool were characteristic of wider debates about the relationship between commerce and culture. The town had ambitions to cultural grandeur, a wealthy corporation and a growing number of middle-ranking professionals, merchants and tradesmen. And yet many of its social and leisure facilities were lost as Liverpool grew into the leading provincial port of late eighteenth-century England. Rather than see the fate of these spaces and societies as the triumph of commerce over polite culture, or as a reflection of an alternative culture, the paper argues that their demise can only be fully understood in the context of political and ideological conflict between elite groups, especially over the slave trade. The gradual resolution of these conflicts around the turn of the nineteenth century encouraged growing investment in cultural capital in the town. 相似文献