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41.
John Tomaney 《European Planning Studies》1995,3(1):99-113
This paper reviews recent developments in Irish policy and the debates and controversies that have surrounded these developments. While Irish industrialization has been dependent since the 1950s on the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI), since the beginning of the 1980s analyses and policies have tended to emphasize the importance of promoting the indigenous sector. While there is some evidence that this shift in emphasis was associated with an improvement in Irish industrial performance, the most recent review of industrial policy called for a further shift in the direction of support for indigenous enterprise. Some implications of these recommendations are discussed, especially as they pertain to debates surrounding the achievement of cohesion in the European Union. 相似文献
42.
John Friedmann 《European Planning Studies》1995,3(3):275-285
International migration into European cities has stirred a great deal of debate about appropriate national policies. But the planning literature has been remarkably silent on the issues involved, particularly as immigration affects urban conditions. This paper is a first attempt to delineate the problems and to suggest ways that planners can contribute to the economic, socio‐cultural and political integration of international migrants at the local level. 相似文献
43.
John Coates Seán McGrail David Brown Edwin Gifford Gerald Grainge Basil Greenhill Peter Marsden Boris Rankov Colin Tipping Edward Wright 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》1995,24(4):293-301
The need for experiments to study physical aspects of craft of the past is stated, as well as the necessity for them to have clear aims and to follow the established principles of scientific enquiry. These principles are discussed in this joint paper by ten maritime archaeologists and others, together with methods and some points of management critical to their application in this field. 相似文献
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Cultural resource management (CRM) work accounts for most of the archaeology conducted in the United States. A diverse and
somewhat fragmented field, CRM has nonetheless achieved a degree of institutional and organizational maturity. CRM archaeology
has produced important contributions to archaeological methodology and has established and refined knowledge of regional cultural-historical
sequences and settlement and subsistence patterns. The current florescence of historical archaeology is attributable to CRM.
Yet the maintenance of high quality in CRM is a pervasive and enduring problem. Academic institutions need to reestablish
alliances with the CRM community. The future viability of CRM archaeology depends on factors both internal and external to
the discipline: regulatory and statutory “reform,” agency funding levels, looting and other destructive forces, and Native
American and other public involvement. 相似文献
48.
We develop a new conceptual approach to locating inspection stations for hazardous vehicles, prevention, and compare it to the previous, punitive, philosophy of the flow-capturing location model. We implement this preventive protection philosophy with a new mixed integer program that maximizes hazard avoidance by locating a number of inspection stations to detect and remove hazardous vehicles as early in their trips as possible. We test the model's performance and analyze the spatial characteristics of solutions simulating several potential applications. Our computations demonstrate that a relaxed integer-linear program is overly demanding computationally and that a simple greedy heuristic lacks robustness. We suggest further approaches to developing more powerful and efficient solution methods. 相似文献
49.
ABSTRACT. This paper uses new estimates of metropolitan factor demand and output supply functions to study how federal, state, and local fiscal policies affect metropolitan economies. We illustrate our work with findings for ten metropolitan areas in five states for changes in state corporate income taxes, local property taxes, the federal corporate income tax, an investment tax credit, interest rates, public capital stocks, output prices, and tax and regulatory policies affecting gross wages. It is clear from these simulations that a policy that is nominally the same everywhere will have repercussions that vary widely across regions and cities. 相似文献
50.
Ralph E. J. Boerner Michael N. DeMers John W. Simpson Francisco J. Artigas Alejandra Silva Leslie A. Berns 《Geographical analysis》1996,28(1):56-66
This study examined landcover change during 1940–1988 in two contiguous landscapes of approximately 12,400 hectares in central Ohio, USA: an inertial till plain area and a more dynamic moraine area. Agriculture dominated both landscapes throughout, however, the cover of natural vegetation and urban-suburban development increased over time on the moraine while natural vegetation decreased and agriculture increased on the till plain. Markov process models for landcover change were constructed for three 14–17-year time intervals and for the entire forty-eight-year study period. Probabilities of self-replacement for agricultural lands (0.91–0.97) were higher and those for forests (0.54–0.65) lower than those reported for other landscapes. Predictions of landcover percentages for fifty years in the future were made using Markov process models derived from actual cover changes in 1940–1957, 1971–1988, and 1940–1988. All three models produced similar predictions for the inertial till plain area. In contrast, the three models' predictions differed considerably for the moraine area. Only the 1971–1988 transition matrix was sensitive to increases in urbanization and reforestation which began on the moraine in the 1970s. These results indicate that reliance on lengthy study intervals and net rates of change can obscure spatial and temporal patterns of landcover change that are caused by natural and socioeconomic factors operating on shorter time scales. 相似文献