甘泉金代画像砖墓现场保护与整体搬迁

为了配合基本建设,对甘泉金代画像砖墓进行了整体搬迁工作。采用红外、紫外照相,便携XRF、非接触式色度仪等检测方法在传统画面信息提取的基础上,进一步揭示了画面的信息,发现画像砖和彩绘的颜色以红、白、黑为主色,黄色颜料有荧光反应,初步可确定有赤铁矿、铅丹颜料的使用;病害主要为起甲、空鼓、裂隙、酥粉等。考古现场第一时间控制了墓室小环境和病害,采用泡沫板、复合板、木龙骨对墓室内部进行了整体支撑加固,用石膏麻布、不同型号的钢材对墓室外部进行固型和加固,并在底部插入槽钢和H钢将墓室焊接为一个整体进行吊装和运输。本工作克服了该画像砖墓墓室多、体量大、吊装和搬迁不易的难题,是目前整体搬迁体量最大的墓葬,为同类工作的开展提供了示范。     

Investigations on the degree of bleaching of quartz OSL signals using modern aeolian dust from western Loess Plateau, China

Optically Stimulated Luminescence signal of quartz extracted from modern aeolian dust with known maximum age (about decades) was analyzed in terms of degree of bleaching. The results of dose recovery tests show that the modified double single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol with the early background subtraction is robust for dating these modern dusts using small aliquots. Bleaching of these dusts is discussed based on the distribution of De values in histograms, scatter plots of D_e versus sensitivity corrected natural OSL signal and comparison between measured D_e and expected D_e. The results indicate that most dusts were completely bleached but some dusts were not completely bleached. For those incompletely bleached dusts in Lanzhou area, the maximum OSL age overestimation is up to ～1 ka, which might be caused by fast deposition accompanied by heavy sand/dust storms. The research suggests that cautions should be given to OSL ages younger than 1 ka in the western China close to deserts.     

Multi‐analytical Studies of the Lime Mortars from the Yanxi Hall in the Yangxin Palace of the Palace Museum (Beijing)

For centuries, the architecture of the Palace Museum represented the highest standard of Chinese architecture. The Yangxin Palace of the Palace Museum consisted of 18 masonry buildings built using bricks, wood, roof tiles and various mortars. In 2016, a five‐year project was initiated to work on the maintenance and restoration of the Yangxin Palace buildings. The characterization of the construction materials has become of primary importance, in order to obtain information about the raw ingredients and building technology of the mortars, and the history of possible previous restorations. In this paper, 12 different samples representing three types of mortar‐based materials—namely, jointing mortars between the bricks on the wall, and surface plasters as well as mortars used on the roof—were collected for analysis from the Yanxi Hall of the Yangxin Palace. Analysis into the composition, grain‐size distribution, organic and fibre additives and testing of the mortar density and water absorption were performed. Starch, protein and plant fibres were identified in some of the samples. Brucite, mullite and ettringite were detected within most mortars on the roof, possibly originating from the furnace slag added into the raw materials for restoration purposes. The analytical results will serve as a critical reference for the maintenance and restoration of the buildings in the Yangxin Palace.     

“毋忧案是桩冤案”辨析——张家山汉简《奏谳书》研究之二

汉简《奏谳书》案例一记载了蛮夷成年男子毋忧因逃避”都尉屯”而被起诉,由夷道官吏审理,但未能判决。该案被上报廷尉,廷尉判处毋忧腰斩刑。本案诉讼程序完整,适用军法也符合汉初的司法要求,所以毋忧案是一则典型的军法案例。     

敦煌莫高窟《吐蕃赞普礼佛图》中吐蕃族服饰初探——以第159窟、第231窟、第360窟为中心

敦煌石窟中的吐蕃人物画像为研究吐蕃族服饰提供了极为丰富可靠的形象资料.本文以第159窟、第231窟、第360窟的《吐蕃赞普礼佛图》为中心,对吐蕃族服饰的特色进行了初步的探讨.     

鄯善王国的畜牧业

作为汉晋时期西域主要的绿洲城郭国之一,鄯善王国的牧业经济也十分发达,不仅为丝路交通提供了充足的畜力资源,而且在王国的政治、社会和经济生活中占有重要地位。当地的牧业经济以畜牧业为主,大致可分为牧养和厩养两种方式。鄯善王国有王室专属的畜群,并对畜群造册登记,设置专门的官吏进行管理。鄯善王还常以敕谕的形式直接参与畜牧事务的管理。各类牲畜不仅是王国重要的税收来源,而且还在民间的商贸活动中充当着货币的角色。     

汉代黄河流域麦作发展的环境因素与技术影响

汉代冬小麦的推广与普及,具有自东向西的时空特点。麦作发展是区域自然环境与技术条件交互作用的结果,其中自然环境条件是影响汉代黄河流域冬麦普及过程的基本因素。不论是黄河下游地区冬麦种植的较早普及还是关中地区冬麦推广的迟滞,均首先与当地的自然环境有关。在黄河下游地区,人们利用冬麦的生长特性趋利避害,减少和防止河汛水患的影响,保障粮食生产,麦子得以广泛种植。在关中地区,干旱的困扰一度制约了冬麦的推广和普及。在自然因素推动下的汉代麦作推广与普及,促进了黄河流域抗旱耕作及粮食加工技术的发展,影响深远。     

长城遥感调查与考古学

应用遥感技术对长城进行调查,是一种科学的新方法.它对于长城位置、走向、长度的测定,具有速度快、效率高、误差小的优点,值得提倡和推广.我国的长城历代都有修筑,其时代有早晚不同,又有后代沿用前代的现象.在遥感调查中要确定长城的时代和前后沿用情况,必须有考古人员参与,既测量投影长度,又测量实际长度,只有这样才能增加遥感调查的信息量,加大长城的研究力度,以满足长城研究和长城保护的需要.     

晚清中外文化交流史上的一段佳话——兼及严辰光绪《桐乡县志》的方志理论探讨

清光绪年间,桐乡严辰独纂成光绪《桐乡县志》。为纪念自己十余年的编纂生涯,他将编纂体会写成《墨花吟馆辑志图记》,并让人把书带往日本,请日本、朝鲜的文人学者予以绘图、点评。三国学者就此书相互唱和的诗文后来辑成《海外墨缘》一书,成就了清末中、日、朝三国文化交流的一段佳话。严辰所纂光绪《桐乡县志》体例精到,笔法独特,反映出作者对方志编纂独到的理解与思考。     

杂谈旧志标点中的知识性问题

掌握一定的知识,是标点旧志的基本前提。从目前看,知识性问题已是旧志整理中的一个重要问题,旧志标点的错误,大多是忽视了对一些基本知识的把握,主要有：古代天文地理知识、古汉语知识、古文体中的用典问题、古代典制、古代文献知识、古代历史事实。