我国科技考古研究的新进展

根据第九届全国科技考古学术讨论会上所报告和收到的103篇论文的内容,对我国科技考古的进展作一简要介绍.内容涉及生物考古和农业考古、年代测定、陶瓷考古、冶金考古、玉器及玻璃器的产地和结构分析以及环境考古、遥感考古和文物保护等.这些论文的内容充分展示了近些年来我国科技考古研究的最新成果和动态,全面反映了我国科技考古研究的发展方向.     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.     

中国现代史家论文学作品的史料价值及其史学实践

中国现代史家在继承传统思想与方法的基础上,吸收近现代西方新的文学观和史料观,对文学作品的史料价值及其成因、如何正确看待文学作品的史料价值、历史研究运用文学作品的基本原则和方法等问题作了深入探讨,一些史家还在运用文学作品研究历史方面取得了突出成就。     

近代以来新疆艺术述论(1840-1999)

本文把近代以来新疆艺术发展划分成三个阶段,对各艺术种类在不同时期的演变进行了概括性的研究,认为新疆艺术和中国政治社会变化密切相关,各阶段的新疆艺术既有其鲜明的时代烙印,也深刻地体现着其独具的传统特点;虽然新疆艺术受东、西方文化和艺术潮流的影响,但是此期中国内地艺术的影响深刻而全面。     

稀见的“白蜡岁”银锭

2004年11月,四川省巴中中学一名教师携来一只银锭,据称为外地征集品,求为释读铭文。笔者经初步鉴定和研究,认为这是一只比较稀见的明代岁贡官银,因见识疏浅,特就教于方家。一、银锭的特征此锭造型为船形元宝状,通体罩一层薄薄的灰黑色包浆,重1850克,含银95%以上。银锭面大底小,束腰,两端外弧上翘,通高65mm。锭面连双翅通长132mm、宽72mm、束腰处63mm,锭面可见水波纹由外侧有序向内收缩,中央形成一小块不规则的收口凹陷。双翅可见浇铸过程中银液层层堆积而自然形成的麻布纹,状若等高线,翅沿因银渣堆积而凹凸不平。银锭从锭面到锭底厚36mm,底…     

豫西地区夏文化的南传路线初探

夏文化在豫西地区的南传路线问题目前还不是很清楚,本文试就此问题作一番探讨。我们认为夏文化在豫西地区南传路线由北向南大致经过三个中心区域：洛阳平原及其周围地区、南阳地区、豫南的信阳地区。     

神话与宗教中理想景观的文化地理透视

神话与宗教是原始的哲学和宇宙观,理想景观是其中一个重要组成部分。根据文化圈的不同,世界神话与宗教可划分为三种地域类型:中国式、希腊式和希伯莱式。它们各有其不同的理想景观类型。理想景观是人们对于环境的选择和改造,它的形成受自然环境和文化的双重作用,其中自然环境的作用是潜在的、基础性的,而文化的作用是直接的和本质性的。不同的文化通过神话和宗教中的理想景观类型来表达自己的景观理想,又依据这些理想,通过地理回归在现实中使其物化,实现对地理环境的影响。     

宁安满族瓜尔佳氏当代祭祖习俗述略

满族祖先观念很强,每逢年节或家庭遇有重大的事情,都要祭祖。在黑龙江宁安市宁西乡依兰岗满族村,世世代代居住着瓜尔佳氏的一支,他们的始祖是尼雅哈那,祖居长白山郭宸地方,后移居宁古塔,是宁古塔第一任将军巴海的后裔,汉姓为关。他们与其他地区满族一样,仍旧传承着古老原始的萨满教,信奉“祀神为先,敬祖为大”,所以祭祀祖先的仪式极为隆重。     

新出唐李进忠墓志考释

唐李进忠墓志是新出材料,志主作为昭义军的中级军官,其志文为研究唐中后期藩镇割据形势及藩镇的军队组织体制提供了宝贵的材料,志文中所保存下来的古村名也为地方志研究提供了重要线索。最珍贵的是,此墓志为我们提供了一个史籍上未见记载的折冲府——涬源府,是对唐代折冲府研究的一个重要补充。