试论《武王践祚》的文本流变

《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》(七)所收《武王践祚》,实为两种战国"简本"(甲本和乙本)的合抄。传世本则是参考了这两种简本,合编整理而成。与甲本相比,乙本在叙事及文字上更接近于原始的记录,成文应早于甲本。但甲本与乙本之间并没有直接的文本传承关系,应是两系文本发展的不同形态。参照乙本,可以推测《武王践祚》的原初结构,并不包括武王勒铭段。从文献体裁及文章内容看,甲本及传世本的这一段文字,应是合编自其他文献。《武王践祚》三个本子的比较研究显示,早期文献在流传过程中,不仅存在着文字的增饰、丢失与改动等现象,同时还存在着同种文献不同形态的合编整理甚至是不同文献的合并现象。这对我们认识早期文献形成及流传的特殊性,并进而讨论早期文献的史料价值,无疑具有重要的参考意义。     

城市化下的“卫生”困境与突破--论19世纪后半期美国城市公共卫生改革

19世纪后半期迅猛发展的美国城市化,使美国社会经济生活出现全方位的变化。同时,人口高度密集的城市环境导致公共卫生问题恶化,出现所谓的卫生危机,从而促发了城市公共卫生改革。此后,在美国城市的环境治理和疫病防治方面都出现系列性变化,城市公共卫生开始走上正轨。在此过程中,政府开始直接干预公共卫生,大众卫生意识得以强化,为美国城市卫生事业留下了宝贵遗产。     

AN ECOLOGICAL SAFETY SHELTER ESTABLISHED ON THE SNOWY HIGHLAND

<正>On the snowy highland,the splendid view of mountains and waters vie with each other;the birds and beasts stroll idly as in a courtyard,and the flourishing woods and grasses stretch as far as the eyes can see.Is"Shambhala"a fairyland?Over the years,the central government and Tibet have focused on protecting the highland ecology and have attained impressive achievements.Under the blue sky     

DEM Algorithm for Progressive Collapse Simulation of Single-Layer Reticulated Domes under Multi-Support Excitation

In this paper, the Member Discrete Element Method (MDEM) is modified and perfected for three aspects: the algorithm itself, loading and computational efficiency, and to accurately and quantitatively simulate the progressive collapse for large-span spatial steel structures. In addition, the corresponding computational programs are compiled. First, from the perspective of the method, a meshing principle for discrete element models is determined, a treatment for material nonlinearity and strain rate effect is proposed, and a damping model is established. Next, the Displacement Method is introduced to determine the multi-support excitation for the MDEM, and then motion equations of particles under multi-support excitation are derived. On this basis, the specific process of gravitational field loading is presented. Furthermore, parallel implementation strategies for the MDEM based on OpenMP are constructed. Finally, the collapse simulation of a 1/3.5-scaled single-layer reticulated dome shaking table test model under multi-support excitation is carried out. The comparison demonstrates that the ultimate load and failure mode as well as the complete collapse time of the numerical results are consistent with the experimentally measured responses, and the configuration variations from member buckling and local depression until collapse failure are fully captured. Moreover, the displacement time-history curves obtained using MDEM are almost identical to the experimental measurements, and there is a nuance only in the amplitude. It is verified that MDEM is capable of precisely addressing the collapse failure for large-span spatial steel structures. Additionally, the failure mechanism for structures of this type is naturally revealed.     

清初苏州商船赴日贸易史实辨析

顺治九年(1652),一艘赴日本贸易的苏州商船回国。史学界对该商船的赴日时间及贸易方式存在争议:一说是1644年赴日,在日本进行了八年的海外贸易;一说是1650年或1651年私自出海,交易完毕后即回国。本文根据明清档案及朝鲜史料对该事件的记载,以及当时中国、东南亚、日本之间的贸易状况进行综合考察,可以肯定该商船是于1644年前往日本,并在日本与交趾之间从事贸易活动。     

神话对唐诗的影响

唐诗中存在着大量取材于古代神话的诗作,这反映了神话对唐诗的显著影响,但这一文学现象很少为学界所关注。本文侧重于从美学角度探析唐诗对七类古代神话的运用。唐诗人不是歌咏原生态的古代神话,而是运用它们的象征意义抒情言志。唐诗大量取材古代神话的现象主要与唐代崇尚道教的社会环境及诗人的不幸的人生遭遇等有关。     

辽代琥珀来源的探讨

本文主要以中、西文献记载为依据,结合考古出土以及以往的研究成果,论证辽代的琥珀原材料很可能来自遥远的欧洲波罗的海沿岸.波罗的海琥珀由基辅罗斯北部诺夫哥罗德城,沿伏尔加河南下,到达地中海.再东经黑海、里海,达河中地区.然后经皮毛之路、丝绸之路进入辽境.     

劳动力市场竞争与分割的再认识

马克思在《资本论》中所论述的劳动力买卖、平均利润与生产价格,都是以完全竞争或自由竞争为前提条件的。但是,马克思指出,这是一种"理论上的假定"。这就存在着如何把马克思抽象化的理论运用于活生生的现实的问题。在现实生活中,劳动力市场既有竞争的一面,又有分割的一面,而且二者往往是交错在一起的。     

古典阿拉伯——伊斯兰舆地文献所记欧亚陆路交通

根据阿拉伯——伊斯兰舆地文献,结合汉籍文献记载,考辨了9—10世纪自地中海到中国的陆路交通路线。中亚到中国的道路起于呼罗珊的木鹿,中亚地区的布哈拉、撒马尔罕、扎敏、怛逻斯和碎叶是重要的交通枢纽,而花剌子模是中亚与东南欧及北欧贸易的中心及货物集散地。     

关于民俗文物

过去,在中国人的日常生活中,各种造型不同、材质各异的器物默默地发挥着其应有的作用,给人们的生活和学习带来了极大的便利。这些平凡的器物与中国传