明清时期甘肃茶马互市与茶马古道

自唐宋迄明清,甘肃地区历来是茶马互市的主要地区。甘肃南部地区山川密布、古道纵横、风景殊绝、文化绚烂,堪与滇藏、川藏线茶马古道相媲美。本文主要就明清时期甘肃地区的茶马互市及茶马古道作一简要介绍。     

汉帝国与东亚世界:以出土印章为线索

2010年2月27日至3月4日,欧洲科学基金会(European Science Foundation,简称ESF)和日本学术振兴会(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,简称JSPS)在日本福冈联合主办题为"欧亚帝国的接触地带"("Contact Zones of Empires in Asia and Europe:Complexity,Contingency,Causality")的国际学术研讨会。2月28日,大会邀请九州大学名誉教授、九州历史博物馆馆长西谷正先生(Tadashi Nishitani)发表题为"汉帝国与东亚世界"的主题演讲①。西谷正先生的演讲以日本福冈志贺岛出土的"汉委奴国王"金印、朝鲜平壤贞柏洞出土的"夫租君"银印、中国云南石寨山出土的"滇王之印"和江苏甘泉出土的"广陵王玺"金印等为线索,以汉王朝的册封制度为视角,对汉帝国与周边政权的外交关系作了全面探讨,引起与会学者的关注。承蒙西谷正教授面允,笔者将演讲稿由英文转译成中文,以飨国内读者。需要说明的是,演讲稿原文无注释,为方便读者,译者对演讲稿所涉及的古代文献和考古资料一一作了注解,中国学...     

A New Proposed Passive Mega-Sub Controlled Structure and Response Control

It is still a serious challenge for structural engineers to effectively reduce the seismic responses of tall and super tall buildings to further improve these structural safeties. In order to solve this problem, in this article a new kind of structural configuration, named passive mega-sub controlled structure (PMSCS), is presented, which is constructed by applying the structural control principle into structural configuration itself, to form a new structure with obvious response self-control ability, instead of employing the conventional method. In the analysis of PMSCS the equations of motion of the seismically excited system are developed, based on a realistic analytical model of the complete mega-structural system. Expressions of the displacement and acceleration response of the structure, resulting from simulated earthquake ground motions represented by stationary and nonstationary random processes, are derived. These responses are then determined for both the PMSCS and its conventional mega-sub structure (MSS) counterpart, whose configuration was modeled after the traditional mega-frame that was used in the construction of the Tokyo City Hall. A parametric study of the structural characteristics that influence the response control effectiveness of the PMSCS is presented and discussed. The region over which these structural characteristics yield the optimum seismic response control of the PMSCS is identified and serves as a very useful design tool for practitioners. The study illustrates that the proposed PMSCS offers an effective means of controlling the seismic displacement and acceleration response of tall/super-tall mega-systems. It also overcomes shortcomings exhibited in earlier proposed mega-sub controlled structural configurations.     

A Method for Selecting Ground Motions that Considers Target Response Spectrum Mean and Variance as Well as Correlation Structure

This study proposes a method for selecting ground motions from a ground motion library with response spectra that match the target response spectrum mean, variance, and correlation structures. The proposed method is conceptually simple and straightforward. In this method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially selected from first to last. The accuracy and consistency of the proposed method are verified through comparisons of the ground motions selected using the proposed method with those selected using conventional methods. This study shows that the seismic responses of the frames vary according to ground motion selection and correlation structures.     

Firing temperature of a clay core sample in a bronze tripod from Daxinzhuang Site in China using TL techniques

In this paper, we studied the thermal history of a clay core sample from one leg of a bronze tripod unearthed at Daxinzhuang Site, Shandong, China. The properties of the luminescence signals of quartz depend on the maximum temperature at which the quartz was annealed in the past. We examined the feasibility of measuring the thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity change of quartz for exploring the firing temperature of archaeological materials. The sensitization factor of the 110°C TL peak (S₂/S₁) and the ratio of the 210°C TL peak to the 110°C TL peak at different annealing temperatures were utilized to unveil the firing temperature in the clay core sample. The firing temperature of the clay core sample was approximately 700°C–800°C, proving the clay core has been fired. This result proved that the clay core has been fired by human agencies and indicated on the temperature of the clay core in drying and firing given by the foundry workers before the actual casting step.     

武当山五龙宫遗址保护规划设想

五龙宫遗址是"武当山古建筑群"的重要组成部分,提出该遗址保护规划设想,期望更为深入地探讨该遗址保护规划问题。论文分析了该遗址现状特征:主殿已修复,废墟规模较大,历史沧桑感深厚,且拥有世外桃源般的环境,具有独特的历史与景观价值;提出了保持基本现状不变、局部修复九曲墙与北道院、停车场设置在较远处等保护规划设想,以期保护该遗址独特的历史与景观价值不受损害。     

Comment on ‘Did China Import Metals from Africa in the Bronze Age?’

Lead isotope compositions provide a direct means of assessing provenance. The lead contents in bronzes cannot be used to argue against lead isotopes. Any claim for the origin of the source material for the origin of Yin‐Shang bronzes must satisfy the measured lead isotope compositions. Thus far, only southern African sources are found to meet this criteria.     

胡汉交融视角下唐代披袍女俑形象新探

唐代墓葬陪葬俑、石质葬具与壁画出现一些女性披袍形象,亦见于敦煌、新疆等佛教洞窟壁画,披袍形制、装饰展现出多元文化交融特征,属于广义胡服体系,在北朝至隋唐时期女性易装背景下,反映了这一时期女性身份与地位的变化、女性服饰中西域文化的影响以及胡汉交融之性别重构与意义。     

16世纪至20世纪60年代滇池沿岸的 低田与深水稻种植

明清以降,滇池在岁修制度下常年疏浚海口,水域范围基本稳定,但受季风气候影响,其水位存在明显季节性变化,夏秋上涨,冬春下降,主要表现为沿岸低田在雨季即周期性被湖水淹没的特点。随着滇池流域坝田开发趋于饱和,滇池沿岸低田的深水稻“水涨谷”,在明清之际逐步系统种植,实现滨湖低田稻作与滇池水位季节性变化的生态耦合。这种局面到20世纪60年代末彻底改变,入滇河道上游大小水库的修建,使滨湖低田逐渐干田化,水涨谷生长的水域环境发生变化。观察滇池水域环境与稻作生态互动的关系,发现当区域环境呈现出长时段的规律性变化,就可能变“害”为“利”,这是人与自然相处中适应并利用自然的智慧展现。     

对称赞语回应之“thank you”的研究

致谢作为一种和谐性的言语行为,本质上是礼貌的,与道歉,命令,祝贺和许诺一样,它与人们的日常生活密切相关。致谢同时又是我们日常生活中发生频率很高的一种言语行为。正确地表达致谢有着重要的社会价值。本研究从理论上增进了我们有关致谢言语行为的知识,从实践上可以帮助我们建立一个良好的人际关系和和谐的社会氛围。