Reviews

EVELINE CRUICKSHANKS, ed. Ideology and Conspiracy: Aspects of Jacobitism, 1689–1759. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1982. Pp. xi, 231. $31.50 (US). Reviewed by Roger L. Emerson

JAMES PINCKNEY HARRISON. The Endless War: Fifty Years of Struggle in Vietnam. New York: The Free Press, 1981. Pp. xii, 372. $17.95 (US). Reviewed by P.J. Honey

J. ROBERT WRIGHT. The Church and the English Crown, 1305–1334: A Study based on the Register of Archbishop Walter Reynolds. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 1980. Pp. xix, 472, $27.00 paper. Reviewed by Robert Brentano

TORGIL, MAGNUSON. Rome in the Age of Bernini. Vol. I : From the election of Sixtus V to the death of Urban VIII, translated by Nancy Adler. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International, and N.J.: Humanities Press, 1982. Pp. ix, 388, $45 (US). Reviewed by Paul F. Grendler

BRUCE CUMINGS. The Origins of the Korean War: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes 1945–1947. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. Pp. 606. $40.00 (US); $14.50 (US) paper. Reviewed by Tae Jin Kahng

STEFANOS SARAFIS. ELAS: Greek Resistance Army. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1981. Pp. civ, 566. $26.25 (US); LAWRENCE S. WTTTNER. American Intervention in Greece, 1943–1949. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Pp. xiv, 445. $19.95 (US). Reviewed by Dimitri Kitsikis

ANDREW ROSSOS. Russia and the Balkans: Inter-Balkan Rivalries and Russian Foreign Policy 1908–1919. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981. Pp. xiii. 313. $35.00. Reviewed by Hugh Seton-Watson

JOHN MEYENDORFF. Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino-Russian relations in the fourteenth century. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Pp. xxi, 326. $69.50 (US). Reviewed by N. Oikonomides

THOMAS C. OWEN. Capitalism and Politics in Russia. A Social History of the Moscow Merchants, 1855–1905. London and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Pp. xi, 295. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by John F. Hutchinson

G. DANIELS (ed.). A Guide to the Reports of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks 12. London, 1981. Pp. xxvi, 115. £12.00. Reviewed by R.J. Overy

LOUIS L. SNYDER. Global Mini-Nationalisms: Autonomy or Independence. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982. Pp. xvii, 326. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Allan C. Smith

PAUL HAGGIE. Britannia at Bay: The Defence of the British Empire Against Japan 1931–41. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981. Pp. xii, 264. $59.95. Reviewed by Raymond Callahan

DAVID REYNOLDS. The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937–41: A Study in Competitive Co-operation. London: Europa Publications Limited, 1981. Pp. xiv, 397. £20.00. Reviewed by Ernest Gilman

DONALD S. BIRN. The League of Nations Union: 1918–1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981. Pp. vi, 269. £69.50. Reviewed by George Egerton     

基于旅游者视角的目的地品牌权益测量模型：以皖南国际旅游区为例

本研究基于旅游者的视角构建旅游目的地品牌权益测量模型,并使用来自中国的经验数据对其进行检验和修正。研究发现：旅游目的地品牌权益包括4个维度：品牌知晓、品牌形象、品牌质量、品牌忠诚。其中,品牌知晓是品牌权益的基本来源,对品牌形象和品牌质量有显著直接影响;品牌形象是品牌权益的最重要维度,显著影响品牌质量和品牌忠诚;品牌质量显著影响品牌忠诚;品牌忠诚是品牌权益的核心概念,是品牌建设追求的重要目标。     

Fluid environment for preservation of pore spaces in a deep dolomite reservoir

Well TS1 reveals many uncemented pores and vugs at depths of more than 8000 m in a deep Cambrian dolomite reservoir in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China. The fluid environment and mechanism required for the preservation of reservoir spaces have yet not been well constrained. Carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope compositions and fluid inclusion data suggest two types of fluids, meteoric water and hydrothermal fluid, affecting the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin. Based on simulation using a thermodynamic model for H₂O‐CO₂‐NaCl‐CaCO₃ system, meteoric water has the ability to continuously dissolve carbonate minerals during downward migration from the surface to deep strata until it reaches a transition depth, below which it will begin to precipitate carbonate minerals to fill preexisting pore spaces. In contrast, hydrothermal fluid has the ability to dissolve carbonate in deep strata and precipitate carbonate in shallow strata during upward migration. Based on the dissolution–precipitation characteristics of the two types of fluids, the ideal fluid environment for the preservation of preexisting reservoir spaces occurs when carbonate reservoir is neither in the CaCO₃ precipitation domain of meteoric water nor in the CaCO₃ precipitation domain of hydrothermal fluid. Taking the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in the north uplift area as an example, the spaces in the deep Cambrian dolomite reservoir near well TS1 were seldom filled because thick Ordovician deposits blocked meteoric water from migrating downward into the Cambrian dolomite reservoir and because the Cambrian dolomite reservoir has been in the domain of hydrothermal dissolution since the Permian. The deep carbonate layers in basins elsewhere with a similar fluid environment may have high uncemented porosity and consequently have good hydrocarbon exploration potential.     

Family education support to rural migrant children in China: evidence from Shenzhen

Rural migrant children have become a fast-growing population in China as a consequence of the large-scale population flow from rural to urban areas. Besides the dual-structure hukou system, which restrains rural migrants from upward mobility, family capital also plays an important role in providing family educational support to rural migrant children. Using the data from P District and N District of Shenzhen in 2013, this paper explores the present status of three dimensions of family capital and five aspects of family educational support to Chinese rural migrant children, as well as the correlation between family capital and family educational support from perspectives of migration status (hukou), life course (children’s age), and school type. Constrained by inadequate family capital in multiple dimensions manifested by less education, lower income, and limited social networks, etc., parents of rural migrant children provide less family educational support in nearly every aspect compared with parents of urban local children. Among rural migrant children, those in private migrant schools receive the least support from their parents.     

笔谈抗日战争与中国现代化进程

2006年4月21日至4月24日,由浙江省民国浙江史研究中心、杭州师范学院近代史研究所及《抗日战争研究》编辑部联合举办的“抗日战争与中国现代化进程”学术研讨会在杭州举行,20余人出席了会议。会议的主旨,是想推动研究者从一个不算很新,却少为人们重视的视角,对抗日战争的历史进行审视。这个视角就是“现代化”。而关于历史研究中的“革命范式”与“现代化范式”,两者的异同比较,最近较为引人关注。究其原因,除了史学方法方面不断深入的探讨之外,历史为现实服务的功能受到重视,也似是原因之一。以往对于抗日战争史的研究,无论是宏观或是微观,大致不脱民族民主革命的视角,是因这段历史确实与之密切相关。而今天的现实发生了变化,以抗日战争为开端的中国复兴,不仅走向了正轨,而且有了不断加速的迹象。因此,重新总结历史的经验以为现实服务,不仅是重要的,也是必要的。本次笔谈,虽然只是在上述主旨下的一种粗浅尝试,但见仁见智,或者多少能给读者一些启发。本组笔谈是从会议发言中挑选而经言者整理过的。需要说明的是,由于笔谈内容广泛,故不做归类,仅以收稿时间排序。     

论年鉴功能、体例和内容结构的改革

文章从年鉴功能再认识、体例思辨和内容结构改革3方面来论证主题。首先将年鉴功能给出定义并分为三大类且突出十大使用功能;其次对年鉴体例的传统认识进行剖析,在纠偏基础上依体例外延给出作者定义和理解;再通过年鉴内容结构传统模式特点及三大根源的分析,列举大胆突破模式的一组改革个案,进而推出六项改革原则。最后得出年鉴产品要得到读者认可且获得新生,必须进行三个“重新审视”。     

青海互助丰台卡约文化遗址孢粉分析与人类活动研究——化石和现代表土花粉分析结果

采用相差分析方法,区分出禾本科植物中的农作物花粉;通过对青海互助丰台卡约文化遗址文化层和丰台村周围现代表土样品的孢粉分析,发现孢粉组合中有农作物花粉,反映人类农耕活动对聚落及其周围孢粉组合有明显的影响;文化层样品的孢粉组合显示,卡约文化早期阶段,禾本科植物花粉明显多于晚期阶段,可能反映了卡约文化时期(约公元前1200-800年)农业在社会经济中地位逐步下降的过程;孢粉组合还显示,与现代丰台村相比,卡约文化时期,聚落周围有更多的禾本科植物生长,人类可利用的植物资源比现代丰富。研究结果将有助于综合研究西北地区青铜时代环境与人类文化的关系。     

论《红楼梦》人物塑造的美丑辩证艺术

通过阅读《红楼梦》,我们可以清楚地感受到曹雪芹作为一个杰出的现实主义作家。并不是从自己主观的爱憎好恶出发,进行“非爱即憎,非憎即爱”的简单化概括,从而把人物划分为正面人物与反面人物,而是对人物塑造有着客观性的执著追求,常常不得不违背自己的阶级同情、个人偏爱和主观意愿,遵循当时真实生活发展的必然规律,写出人物自己的“离合悲欢,兴衰际遇”的命运。所以,其笔下的人物很难以纯粹的美或丑的概念来界定,亦难分出纯粹的好人或恶人。在人物塑造上,往往体现出美丑结合、化腐朽为神奇的高超艺术辩证法。     

马克思主义民族理论中国化历史进程的规律性探讨

中国共产党在80多年的历史进程中,始终坚持把马克思主义理论与中国民族问题具体实际相结合,不断进行理论探索、不断推动实践发展,走出了一条具有中国特色的处理民族问题的成功道路.马克思主义民族理论中国化的历史进程,即是对这一过程的理论表达,中国化马克思主叉民族理论则是这一过程产生的理论成果.     

考古资料所见的唐代胡人女性

考古资料较为少见的唐代胡人女性却屡屡出现在文学作品中,她们作为俘虏、贡人或商品来到唐朝,成为西域服饰传播者、西域饮食制作者、西域乐舞表演者、西域习俗实践者、丝路贸易参与者或经历者、军事战争体验者、政治礼物传承者、民族宗教坚守者等多重角色,对唐朝乃至后世产生重要影响。