论我国文化地理学研究的前沿走向

基于研究历史及主要学科成绩的回顾,文章考察了我国文化地理学研究现状中学科性质定位、研究内容拓展以及研究手段、方法的变革等问题。认为我国文化地理学今后应该在科学的文化哲学的指导下加强学科理论的研究,充分吸收相关学科的研究成果,在加强渗透研究的同时突出地理科学的特色与优势;为了学科的良性循环和对地理学的发展做出自身贡献,还必须紧跟时代的步伐,强化学科在文化宣传与舆论导向的理性化、科学化,特别是在区域开发、旅游与城市规划、国家(地区)管理、民族政策制定等方面的应用功效。     

A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Groundwater Level Changes in Relation to Urban Growth and Groundwater Recharge Potential for Waukesha County,Wisconsin

The main objective of this study was to analyze spatially and temporally groundwater level changes using geographic information systems and spatial analysis with respect to urban development, groundwater withdrawal, and groundwater recharge potential. The study focused on Waukesha County in southeastern Wisconsin, where urban development has been accelerating while groundwater has been declining over the last several decades. We analyzed data about groundwater withdrawal, groundwater level, land use/land cover, and precipitation utilizing correlation analysis, geographically weighted regression, land use change analysis, and map overlay. Our findings include the following: the extent of urban areas expanded faster in regions with high recharge potential than in those with low or moderate recharge potential; the correlation of urban growth with groundwater level is highly variable over time and space; and changes in groundwater level are strongly related to the spatial distribution of groundwater withdrawal. The study pinpointed the need to consider the spatial unevenness of groundwater withdrawal in understanding the changes in groundwater level and groundwater recharge potential for better management of groundwater resources. Un análisis espacio‐temporal de los cambios de nivel de aguas subterráneas en relación con el crecimiento urbano y de las aguas subterráneas de recarga para el Condado de Waukesha, Wisconsin El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar espacial y temporalmente los cambios del nivel de aguas subterráneas utilizando sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y análisis espacial con respecto al desarrollo urbano, la extracción de agua subterránea, y el potencial de recarga. El área de estudio es el condado de Waukesha, en el sureste de Wisconsin, donde el desarrollo urbano se ha acelerado mientras que las aguas subterráneas han disminuido en las últimas décadas. Se analizaron los datos sobre la extracción y nivel de aguas subterráneas, la cobertura vegetal/uso del suelo, y la precipitación utilizando un análisis de correlación, una regresión ponderada geográficamente (geographically weigted regression ‐GWR), un análisis de cambio de uso del suelo, y la superposición de mapas (map overlay). Los resultados muestran que: (1) la extensión de las zonas urbanas se incrementó más rápidamente en regiones con alto potencial de recarga que en áreas con potencial de recarga de bajo o moderado; (2) la correlación entre el crecimiento urbano y el nivel de aguas subterráneas es muy variable tanto temporal como espacialmente; y, (3) los cambios en el nivel de aguas subterráneas están fuertemente relacionados con la distribución espacial de las actividades de extracción del recurso. El estudio identificó la necesidad de considerar la irregularidad del patrón espacial de la extracción de aguas subterráneas con el fin de mejorar la comprensión de los cambios en el nivel y el potencial de recarga y así promover una mejor gestión de los recursos hídricos subterráneos. 本研究主要目的在于通过地理信息系统(GISs)和空间分析的时空视角,对城市发展的地下水水位变化,地下水开采和地下水潜在补给进行分析。本文研究区为威斯康星州东南部的沃基肖县,该区在过去近几十年里城市快速增长而地下水急剧减少。通过地下水开采、地下水水位、LUCC（土地利用/土地覆盖LULC）和降水的数据分析,采用方法包括相关分析、地理加权回归模型（GWR）、土地利用变化分析和地图叠加分析。研究结果包括：（1）高地下水补给的城市地域范围的扩大幅度快于中等或低补给地区;（2）城市增长与地下水水位的相关性在时间和空间上是高度变化的;（3）地下水开采的空间分布与地下水位的变化呈强相关。研究精确地指出,为更好管理地下水资源,在理解地下水位变化和地下水潜在补给时需考虑地下水开采的空间不均匀。     

殷墟1004号王墓出土青铜胄研究

对商晚期都城殷墟遗址的1004号王墓出土的7件青铜胄进行了热电离质谱(TIMS)铅同位素比值分析和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)成分分析,数据显示铜胄的合金类型可分为两类——锡青铜和铅锡青铜,且其二者的铅同位素比值均处于高放射性成因铅范围。此研究结果为探索金属矿料的产地来源及此著名王墓的年代等问题提供了重要线索。     

Seismic Performance of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers for Structural Control Using Real-Time Hybrid Simulation

This article presents real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) steel frame incorporated with tuned liquid column damper (TLCD). The SDOF steel frame is numerically simulated, and the TLCD alone is physically experimented on a shaking table. The delay-dependent stability of RTHS system for TLCD investigation is first assessed; and the delay-dependent accuracy is verified by comparing the responses obtained through the RTHS, the conventional shaking table test, and an analytical solution. Then, RTHSs are carried out to evaluate the effects of mass ratio, structural damping ratio, structural stiffness, and peak ground acceleration on the reduction effectiveness of STLCD. The nonlinear behavior of the STLCD is experimentally captured. Finally, the structural responses under STLCD and multiple TLCDs (MTLCD) control are compared. It is found that the performance of STLCD strongly depends on structural parameters and properties of earthquakes; both MTLCD and STLCD induce approximately the same response reductions, and the former can enhance the control performance in certain cases. These results presented here may contribute to improve the design and application of TLCDs in practical engineering.     

黑龙江苏完瓜尔佳哈拉满文谱书初探

《苏完瓜尔佳哈拉满文谱书》成书于康熙四十八年,属满洲中较早的家族人口档案,满洲入关前之历史信息隐藏于家谱字里行间,内容较为丰富。谱书记录了苏完瓜尔佳及富察两哈拉、三个家族之世系繁衍、合族原因及家族迁徙历史。两哈拉家谱合二为一在满洲族谱中颇为少见,其合族迁徙历史则在一定程度上反映了后金建立前后东北地区女真海西、建州、东海三部之间关系以及满洲族形成的历史进程;两家族之间的姻亲关系及家庭生活亦从一侧面反映了清入关前的社会制度史。     

凌廷堪“以礼代理”的礼学思想研究

“礼”在清代受到学术界前所未有的重视,清儒对礼的讨论,明清之际多研究国家制度层面的礼制问题,其后渐集中在社会礼俗,以及伦理关系的实践问题上。文章就凌延堪对《礼经》的释例析辨,以明其礼学思想的内涵,借以彰显清代实学思想的学术特色,除阐述其生平著作及思想形成的背景外,分别从“理”、“礼”之辩,及学礼复性、制礼节性说明礼之实践及通经致用的实现,并在结论中针对其礼学思想内涵作一扼要省思。     

胡锦涛对推进马克思主义时代化的贡献

胡锦涛对推进马克思主义时代化的贡献主要体现在四个方面即为:阐明了马克思主义时代化的必然性;对当今世界和中国的时代特征进行了科学判断,为马克思主义时代化提供了根本前提;将马克思主义的一些基本观点时代化,为马克思主义时代化树立了光辉典范;指明了马克思主义时代化的路径。     

《萧山市志》承接前志的实践

《萧山市志》不仅利用述、记、志、传、表、录承接前志,而且还利用"注"的方式承接前志,操作方法有三:1.一段注释法。即对一句话加注,一段注释事物的发端、发展情况,直至与续志上限相衔接。2.分段注释法。即连续对几个句子加注,分段注释事物的发端、发展、曲折和变化情况,直至与续志的上限相衔接。3.直接注释法。即对记述事物的标题加注,直接注释事物的整个发展过程,直到与续志的上限相衔接。在操作中注重做到四个方面:一是做到记述事物从发端开始,查不到发端时间的,从有文献记述的年代开始,直到前志下限的发展过程。二是做到"简",高度概括前志内容,以达到明晰事物发展过程为目的,重点记述续志上下限时段内事物的发展变化情况。三是做到站在时代的高度,对事物的历史发展赋予新的更深刻的认识,而不完全照搬前志。四是做到所注句子的针对性、科学性,并注意不与其他所注句子重复,以免损害志书质量。《萧山市志》利用"注"承接前志,不但能记述事物发展的全过程,而且方便读者。     

20世纪70年代尼克松政府的环保政策

20世纪60年代末70年代初,美国环保运动的发展进入了一个新的阶段。环境保护不再是作为经济发展的附属物出现,而是作为一个独立的领域,有了自己的理论和目标。在迅速发展的环保运动推动下,尼克松政府采取了一系列影响巨大的环保措施,确立了日后美国环保运动的发展方向。但是,由于政治、经济、哲学等多方面原因,1970年之后,尼克松政府在环保政策上有所后退。本文力图通过对尼克松政府环保政策兴衰的探讨,揭示当时美国环保运动发展的某些特点及其与政府政策之间的关系。     

Young women and public leisure spaces in contemporary Beijing: recreating (with) gender,tradition, and place

Feminist geographers and leisure scholars have long argued that one critical way to understand gendered norms and expectations is through examining women's access to and experiences of leisure activities. Set in the context of the rapid economic, political, and social changes that have taken place in Beijing over the past half century, this article draws on in-depth interviews and extensive participant observation to explore the role of newly available public leisure spaces in the lives and leisure of young women in Beijing, in particular by examining the way that these spaces provide an opportunity for the negotiation of new gender norms and identities. Through an analysis of the interaction of gender norms and practices with women's use of and behavior in public leisure spaces, we argue that women's behavior in public leisure spaces in contemporary Beijing remains strongly circumscribed by gendered norms. Rather than their presence itself constituting a challenge to gender expectations, in many cases their leisure behavior and experiences serve to reinforce the social norms that masculinize public leisure spaces. In spite of this, however, the findings of this research suggest that public leisure spaces may, in some cases, provide women with a place from which to challenge gender norms.