新征集唐《罗州玠墓志》志主的胡人身份浅析

本文通过对新征集的唐代《罗州玠墓志》的内容进行分析与考证,还原志主罗州玠真实的胡人身份,探索通过丝绸之路进入中原的胡人的汉化过程,以及其在当时的生活情况,并为今后这一方面的研究增添新的资料。     

元代大道教史補注——以北京地區三通碑文爲中心

大道教爲盛行於金元兩代的一支新道教,本文對北京地區三通碑文作了研究,其中兩通涉及真大道(天寶宫系),一通涉及正一大道(玉虚觀系)。本文得出以下結論:真大道五祖酈希誠應爲三祖張信真弟子,他出任真大道掌教的確切時間爲甲申年,即1224年。在真大道十二祖(或作九祖)張清志之後,還有一位可稱爲十三祖(或作十祖)的"體道葆和妙應真人酈宗師"。正一大道到元末則已傳至十一祖"真人張公"。那種認爲大道兩派在元代合并乃至最後并入全真教的觀點,是没有文獻依據的。     

古代“辽泽”地理范围的历史变迁

从五代以后的文献记载来看,"辽泽"即指下辽河(沈阳石佛寺以南的辽河河段)平原沼泽地区,又指西辽河平原的沼泽湿地。西辽河平原在辽朝后期沙漠化严重,沼泽湿地萎缩,到元朝末年不再有辽泽之称,明清时期辽泽专指下辽河平原沼泽地区。下辽河平原辽泽在古代不断扩展,其核心地区在今北镇与辽中之间,从远古到清末一直是面积广阔的沼泽湿地,而辽河以东的沈阳西部至辽河地段、辽阳南部至牛庄地段的沼泽地主要形成于明清时期。清朝末年,沼泽面积大大缩小,辽泽不再见之于史籍。造成辽泽历史变迁的原因除了地形、气候等自然因素以外,人为因素也起到重要作用。     

ANECDOTES ABOUT COLLECTING CATERPILLAR FUNGUS

<正>In the whole world,only the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau produces caterpillar fungus due to the unique eco-environment that in particular suits the parasites.     

旱区生态移民空间冲突的生态风险研究——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

生态移民过程是各种空间要素在迁入区地域范围内重新组合与再结构化过程。理论上,这种区域空间重构过程客观存在空间冲突及生态风险。旱区生态系统十分脆弱,系统开展该类型区生态移民空间冲突的生态风险问题的研究,有利于为空间冲突生态风险突发危机状态下区域可持续发展提供调控科学方案。本文以宁夏红寺堡生态扶贫移民安置区为例,采用该区域1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年五期遥感影像,通过构建空间冲突模型,测算空间冲突水平,探测了空间冲突的生态风险及其主导因素与机制。结果表明：总体上,在1995-2015年生态移民大规模集中安置过程中,红寺堡区生态移民空间冲突指数均值呈前高后低的特点,分别为0.617、0.625、0.454、0.476和0.459,属可控范围,生态风险程度较低,其中稳定可控区的面积比例增加2.1倍。但不同土地利用类型的空间冲突水平差异较大,其中的水域、林地、耕地、草地的空间冲突程度较低,而未利用地、沙地和建设用地的空间冲突程度相对较高。地理探测显示,该地区的景观脆弱度指数、面积加权平均斑块分维数指数、斑块凝聚度指数、聚合度指数和斑块密度指数是影响区域空间冲突的主要因素。     

楚灵王“南怀之行”地名考

清华简《系年》载有楚灵王“南怀之行”相关史事,可与《左传》昭公四年、五年所载楚灵王伐吴相关史事相应。据吴楚之战形势可以推知,其中所涉朱方、棘、栎、麻、夏汭、钟离、州来、巢、繁扬、琐、鹊岸、罗汭、莱山、南怀、汝清、坁箕之山等地名,均在今淮河流域。     

新博物馆学运动的姊妹馆——生态博物馆与社区博物馆辨析

生态博物馆和社区博物馆作为新博物馆学运动的代表,以其突破传统博物馆窠臼的实验性,顺应了时代发展的潮流。尽管两者与传统博物馆之间的差异在理论上已经可以明确区分,但对于两者之间相互区别的比较研究却极少,因而出现了一些学者将两者的概念彼此混同的现象。生态博物馆与社区博物馆之间既有共性,又有差异:前者的社会功能主要体现在对自然生态和人文生态整体保护,概念范围包含了自然生态和人文社会生态两层内涵;而后者的功能主要体现在着力关心和解决当下社区的现实问题,很少涉及到自然环境与自然遗产方面,其概念范围有广义和狭义之分。活态性、原真性和民主性是两者的共性。     

Experimental Study and Numerical Model Calibration for Earthquake-Induced Collapse of RC Frames with Emphasis on Key Columns,Joints, and the Overall Structure

A thorough investigation of earthquake-induced collapse of reinforced concrete frames is presented. The inherent correlation between the nonlinear behavior of key components and the collapse mechanism of overall frame is examined through concurrent collapse tests of both frame and key components. Important issues in the component models are investigated through calibration against experiments, leading to a comprehensive structural system model. Both test and simulation indicate that the seismic performance are predominately governed by the key columns, whereas the energy dissipation capacity is somewhat affected by the joints. This study offers systematic experimental data and numerical models for future collapse assessments.     

Origin of dolomites in the Cambrian (upper 3rd‐Furongian) formation,south‐eastern Sichuan Basin,China

The origin of large‐scale ancient dolomite is one of the most hotly debated topics in sedimentology. The Loushanguan group of the upper 3rd‐Furongian Cambrian series on the south‐eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin consists of numerous dolomites, and the origins of these dolomites have never been reported previously although they are probably good hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on a systematic analysis of petrology, fluid inclusions, carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs), this study provides some unique insights into the origins of the dolomites. Four dolomite types have been identified in the study area: dolomicrite, fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, fabric‐obliterative dolomite and saddle dolomite cement. In the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, high Sr contents (with respect to the fabric‐obliterative dolomite) and the lack of two‐phase aqueous inclusions suggest that they formed at shallow‐to‐intermediate burial depths at low temperatures (<50–60°C). Carbon and oxygen isotopes and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics of the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite indicate that the dolomitizing fluids were evaporated seawater or slightly modified seawater. The obliteration of the original sedimentary fabric and relatively low δ¹⁸O and Sr values compared to the fabric‐retentive dolomite indicate that fabric‐obliterative dolomite formed at intermediate‐to‐deep burial diagenesis. The chemical composition approaches pure dolomite and the REE+Y characteristics are similar to those of the fabric‐retentive dolomite, indicating that the fabric‐obliterative dolomite was formed due to the recrystallization of the previously formed fabric‐retentive dolomite at elevated burial depths and temperatures. High fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (115–150°C), low δ¹⁸O values, nonplanar‐a crystals and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics suggest that saddle dolomite cement formed by reprecipitation of dolomite that related to seawater‐driven and deep burial fluid. In the study area, dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite may have been formed by penecontemporaneous or seepage‐reflux dolomitization during early‐stage diagenesis. Subsequently, during progressive burial, most of the fabric‐retentive dolomite was converted into fabric‐obliterative dolomite by recrystallization. This study confirms that fabric‐obliterative dolomite was the main dolomite type, and although deeply buried, these Cambrian dolomites most likely have preserved coeval seawater geochemical signals.     

Analytical Investigations of Traditional Masonry Mortars from Ancient City Walls Built during Ming and Qing Dynasties in China

With the development of China’s economy, the protection and conservation of ancient buildings were put on the agenda. However, the current understandings on Chinese traditional mortars are limited and rarely reported in the literature. In this article, the authors investigate seven ancient city wall sites built during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1841 AD) in situ, and subsequently the laboratory analysis were carried out on the collected mortar samples. The characterizations of mortar samples were performed using digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC), as well as wet chemical analysis. The analytical results show that pure lime mortar was widely used in construction during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was also a common practice adding sticky rice soup into slaked lime to form sticky-rice lime mortar during preparations. This organic-inorganic composite material could effectively improve mechanical strength of the lime mortar. Moreover, it was first found that the sticky-rice lime mortar sample from Kaifeng ancient city wall contained very fine quartz aggregates, with an approximate binder/aggregate ratio of 1:1. The appearance of this type of mortar probably indicates a great development of Chinese traditional mortars during the mid-19th century.