东汉沅南县城故址考

东汉沅南县的设置距今已近二千年,当年该县城之故址何在?在《大清一统志》、光绪《桃源县志》、《读史方舆纪要》等古籍记载中,分别有不同说法,其中《大清一统志》的说法为近现代一些著述乃至工具书所采信。然而据《水经注》记载和其他史料考证,《大清一统志》的说法是错误的,光绪《桃源县志》亦误,唯《读史方舆纪要》之记载应为是。     

The effects of ageing and urbanisation on China’s future rural and urban populations

This paper estimates China’s future population and labour force by developing a novel forecasting model for population. It combines information about age-specific parameters on fertility and mortality for both rural and urban areas using information about rural–urban migration and the transformation of rural areas into urban ones. This model takes into account the effects of urbanisation on changes in the age structure of the Chinese population; and provides separate projections on the rural and urban populations. Our findings show that (i) the shares of people aged 65 and over, in China’s rural and urban populations, will double between 2010 and 2030; this implies that the ageing problem in rural areas will continue to be more serious than in urban areas; (ii) the rural labour force will shrink by 45 per cent, between 2010 and 2030, while the urban labour force will grow by 34 per cent; and (iii) China’s urbanisation rate will increase to 71 per cent by 2030.     

"查士丁尼瘟疫"影响初探

“查士丁尼瘟疫”是地中海世界爆发的第一次大规模鼠疫,造成的损失极为严重。但是此次瘟疫对拜占庭帝国的破坏程度还没有得到充分认识,其极高的死亡率不仅使拜占庭帝国人口下降明显,劳动力和兵力锐减,正常生活秩序受到严重扰乱,进而产生了深远的社会负面后果,而且对拜占庭帝国、地中海、欧洲的历史发展都产生了深远影响。     

Shape recovery of collapsed archaeological wood ware with active alkali-urea treatment

Most wooden remains from archaeological sites in waterlogged burial environments are found to be intact without shrinkage despite centuries of storage. However, waterlogged wooden remains are subject to shrinkage damage and some even lose up to 80% of their original volume when exposed to air. The shrinkage of archaeological waterlogged wood with the loss of a large part of the initial volume of the wooden remains has been considered irreversible. Here we show that “active alkali-urea”, serving as a re-swelling chemical agent, can almost fully restore the collapsed archaeological wood to its original shape. The restoration experiment showed that the main reason for the restoration of collapsed wood is that the collapsed cell cavity almost completely recovered its original shape during active alkali-urea treatment. We suggest that the shape of collapsed archaeological wood remains can be fully recovered, and that the collapsed archaeological wood can thereby recover its valuable cultural properties.     

Scientific examination of Shang-dynasty bronzes from Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,China

Shang-dynasty bronzes recovered in the Hanzhong region, Shaanxi province have been receiving considerable research interest since the 1950s due to their strong regional characteristics. This paper presents preliminary analytical results of 16 samples taken from 13 Hanzhong bronze objects, which, for the first time, have revealed their diversity in chemical composition and casting quality. In particular, the finding that some correspondence probably exists between the types of artefact and their materials has significant implications for identifying regional technical characteristics of the Hanzhong bronzes, as well as for exploring the interaction between the metropolitan areas of the Shang Kingdom with the areas beyond its southwestern frontiers.     

吉林镇赉北山遗址发现的石制品研究

1998年5月,吉林大学考古系的部分师生和镇赉县文物管理所的同志对该遗址进行复查时,发现石制品111件。经整理研究,将石制品划分为细石器和非细石器两类。发现的石制品中有石片、细石叶、细石叶石核、刮削器、石镞、雕刻器、舌形器和磨制石器等,是新石器时代早期的典型细石器工业,为新、旧石器时代的过渡研究提供了一批宝贵的实物资料。     

A quantitative study of the Ordovician cephalopod species Sinoceras chinense (Foord) and its palaeobiogeographic implications

FANG, X., ZHANG, Y., CHEN, T., &; ZHANG, Y., February 2017. A quantitative study of the Ordovician cephalopod species Sinoceras chinense (Foord) and its palaeobiogeographic Implications. Alcheringa 0, 000–000. ISSN 0311-5518.

Sinoceras chinense (Foord) is one of the most important and dominant cephalopods in lower Upper Ordovician deposits of China and has been used traditionally as an index species for the lower Katian of South China. Eight published subspecies, including some morphologically diverse forms, have been assigned to the species, and a taxonomic revision of Sinoceras chinense is required. Based on an examination of the 33 published specimens and 12 new specimens, the relationships of Sinoceras chinense and its allies are analysed using cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. The results segregate these specimens into three discrete groups: (1) the Sinoceras chinense (Foord) Group; (2) the Sinoceras eccentrica (Yü) Group; and (3) non-Sinoceras chinense Group. Accordingly, we emend the diagnosis of Sinoceras chinense and exclude the specimens of the non-Sinoceras chinense Group. Based largely on this taxonomic redefinition and previously published occurrences of Sinoceras chinense, the palaeobiogeographical distribution of Sinoceras is reconstructed in the South China, North China, Tarim and Tibet. Based on the occurrences, ranges and phylogeny of this genus and its included species, we conclude that Sinoceras originated in South China in late Darriwilian, subsequently dispersed into neighbouring blocks in the Sandbian to the early Katian, and became entirely extinct abruptly in the early late Katian.

Xiang Fang^* [xfang@nigpas.ac.cn], Yunbai Zhang [ybzhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Tingen Chen [chenten40@126.com], Yuandong Zhang^? [ydzhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China. ^*Also affiliated with: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. ^?Also affiliated with: Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China. Received 2.6.2016; revised 15.9.2016.     

汉长安城瓦当研究

<正>目次一类型学考察二分期与特征三小结关于西汉时期瓦当的形制特点及其发展变化的研究很早就已经开始,但总体而言,缺乏基于田野考古资料对汉长安城出土瓦当的系统梳理,尤其是类型学与制作工艺的综合研究,诸如文字瓦当出现的时间、西汉时期各类型瓦当的时代特征及发展脉络等问题,有待解决。本文拟在前人研究的基础上,对汉长安城遗址（以长乐宫、未央宫、武库、桂宫、南郊礼制建筑遗址为主）出土的瓦当进行类型学考察,根据瓦当的制作工艺,结合当面纹饰及出土地点,构建基本的时代框架,总结其时代特征及发展脉络。