拉美二百年发展进程中的五大难题

在1810年爆发拉美独立战争以来的200年中,拉美国家在政治、经济、社会和外交等领域取得了不容低估的发展.但拉美的许多问题都没有得到很好的解决,其中,最突出的有以下五大难题:如何维系政治稳定,如何在发挥比较优势的同时提升产业结构,如何为政府与市场的作用定位,如何缓解贫富悬殊,如何减少对外国资本的依赖.研究和剖析这五大难题产生的背景、原因及其影响,对发展中国家具有借鉴意义.     

Rationality test in the housing market: Project-level evidence from China

We test whether investors rationally react to rent news when pricing houses. Previous literature on house pricing uses aggregated housing price and rent data to estimate the rent news. We analytically demonstrate that using aggregated data biases the rationality test because it forces researchers to estimate the rent news using the cross-project average dynamic relationship among the housing return, rent growth, and macroeconomic dynamics and, hence, misses the heterogeneity in the dynamic relationship. Our empirical tests using proprietary project-level housing data from China's megacities find that the bias from missing the heterogeneity is economically substantial.     

Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of the Semi-Rigid One-Way Straight Mortise-Tenon Joint of a Historical Timber Building

ABSTRACT

This article aims to disclose that the deformation and damages of the one-way straight mortise-tenon (OWSMT) joint, the key force transmission connection of traditional wood buildings, lead to a significant reduction in structural safety of ancient timber structure. For this purpose, the damage of mortise joint in practical engineering wassimulated by controlling the gap and width between mortise and tenon. A total of 23 groups of scaled 1:2 OWSMT joint specimens were fabricated and tested subjected to cyclic loadings, and the hysteretic curves of OWSMT joint with different damage degrees were obtained. Through skeleton curves, stiffness degradation curves, and equivalent viscous damping curves of the OWSMT joint, the seismic performance of damaged wood joints was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that, with the increase in the gap between the tenon and the mortise, the slip between them became increasingly obvious, the fullness and peak of the hysteresis curve gradually decreased, the gradient of the skeleton curve also dropped, and both the stiffness degradation curve and the equivalent viscous damping curve are gradually reduced. The research findings shed new light on the seismic assessment of aging timber buildings.     

从中国藏西夏文献看西夏文写经书法风格及成因

西夏文字以其字形方块平整、类似汉字、主要使用毛笔为书写工具的特点,使其具有了少数民族文字书法的独特魅力。目前存世的西夏文文献以佛经为主,故写经书法是西夏文书法的一个重要方面。本文从中国境内收藏的西夏文写本《大般若波罗蜜多经》及与其一同出土的佛经写本残片入手,对比得出西夏文写经书法具有传承自唐代楷书写经并独具地域特色的艺术风格的结论,分析了形成这一风格的的原因,即受到河西走廊佛教传播与写经传承、西夏文化教育制度、宋人尚意书风、西夏境内其他少数民族文字书写风格等四个方面的影响。     

阳高云林寺彩塑制作工艺与材料研究

在对阳高云林寺彩塑现场调查的基础上，利用X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)、显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱分析等方法对颜料的化学成分进行了分析。研究发现云林寺彩塑是遵循传统工艺制作的，同时也有裱纸、颜料混合使用、拨金等个性之处。颜料方面，红色使用了铅丹、朱砂和铁红三种，绿色颜料为巴黎绿和碱式氯化铜两种，蓝色见有蓝铜矿和群青两种，黑色为炭黑。本研究比较全面地揭示了云林寺大雄宝殿彩塑制作工艺和使用材料的情况，丰富了对古代彩塑制作工艺和材料的认识，为保护修复实施奠定了基础。     

文化形态史学析论

文化形态史学对 1 9世纪的“科学”史学展开了深刻的批判 ,同时也对2 0世纪的史学有开启之功 ,具体表现在四个方面 :从显在的欧洲中心史观到隐蔽的欧洲中心史观、从局域主义到整体主义、从“脱魅”到“复魅”、从单线时间观到多元时间观     

文物修复用脱色剂对手工纸耐久性的影响

在文物保护与修复工作中,需要对纸张进行脱色处理以除去部分顽固污渍、霉斑。本研究选取了六种不同类型的脱色剂,探究脱色处理对宣纸、皮纸、竹纸等几类传统手工纸样老化后各项理化性能的影响,揭示了各类脱色剂对不同纸种耐久性影响存在较大差异。研究表明,氧化性脱色剂与还原性脱色剂均会使纸张各项理化性能出现一定程度的下降。整体上,使用的脱色剂氧化性越强,纸张微观纤维受损越严重,脱色前后宏观性能下降幅度越大,而还原性脱色处理对纸张各项理化性能影响较小。在纸质文物修复脱色时,选择合适的脱色剂,可以有效减小文物损伤。     

WB1复合气相缓蚀剂对清代带锈铁质钱币文物的保护研究

气相缓蚀剂应用于带锈铁质文物保护是一种简单有效的方法。本研究通过对WB-1气相缓蚀剂处理前后带锈钱币的形貌检测,并结合XRD、XPS、SEM等手段对该缓蚀剂在带锈钱币表面的成膜方式进行了分析研究。结果表明,WB-1气相缓蚀剂能通过化学吸附作用在带锈铁质钱币表面形成一层保护膜,阻挡有害离子向铸铁文物内部的渗透,并促进带锈铁质钱币表面锈层组分向更为稳定的组成转变。WB-1气相缓蚀剂对带锈铁质钱币具有良好的保护效果,且不改变文物外观,符合文物保护要求。     

Investigation of ancient noodles,cakes, and millet at the Subeixi Site,Xinjiang, China

Ancient foodstuffs, including noodles, cakes, and common millet, were excavated from the Subeixi Cemeteries (cal. 500–300 years BC), Turpan District in Xinjiang, China. Starch grain and phytolith analyses were undertaken to identify the plant species involved. These indicate that the noodles and cakes were made from Panicum miliaceum. Ancient food preparation technologies were also investigated by cooking experiments.     

Adaptation in cultural industry under conservation pressure: case study of two Chinese embroidery clusters

Abstract

In this study, we explore how tension between ‘culture’ and ‘industry’ can be effectively dealt with in promoting cultural industry, taking the Chinese embroidery sector as an example. The diverging performance of two leading centers of Chinese embroidery production suggests that local adaptive and networking capabilities are essential in creating a new path out of the tension, and these capabilities are largely determined by local openness/flexibility, entrepreneurship, and linkage capacity. In Changsha, cultural conservatism prevails, and the local embroidery sector largely maintains traditional product styles and target customers, sticking to the historic path. It is in question, however, whether such a strong bias toward the high-culture segment of the industry is good for cultural heritage protection in the long run, given that the industry at standstill has faced increasing challenges in sustaining a solid local pool of skilled labor. In contrast, Suzhou’s local embroidery sector has actively responded to the changing market environment, through increased product segmentation and customization as well as intra/cross-industry collaboration. Such a flexible, scale-up strategy has helped the industry attract local talent and meet the market demand, while maintaining space for high-end artistic products.