"首届中国满学高峰论坛"会议总结

尊敬的各位领导、各位专家学者:为总结满学研究的历程,交流最新研究成果,展望开创满学研究的未来,推动学科建设,促进国际满学研究的合作发展,首届中国满学高峰论坛在大连民族学院东北少数民族研究院、辽宁省民族研究所、黑龙江大学满族语言文化研究中心的发起倡导下,在国内外满学领域及民族学人类学领域诸多专家学者的赞同支持下,经多方协调、精心筹备,按预期时间顺利召开。本次满学高峰论坛是中国满学研究的空前盛会,也是满学研究继往开来的学术盛会,本次会议受到国家民委、辽宁省民委、大连民族学院、黑龙江大学等有关主管部门与领导的高…     

近20年来中国学界的原子弹轰炸及其相关问题研究

80年代以来,我国学术界对原子弹轰炸及其相关问题的研究呈现出十分活跃的局面,并取得了可喜的成果。研究主要集中在美国使用原子弹的原因和动机、原子弹轰炸的历史作用、原子弹轰炸的后果和影响、原子弹轰炸的正当性问题以及关于日本败降的决定因素等问题上。     

Characterisation of Chinese Tang sancai from Gongxian and Yaozhou kilns using ICP-MS trace element and TIMS Sr–Nd isotopic analysis

Tang sancai is one of the most important types of Chinese ceramics. To determine the provenance of Tang sancai is important to study ancient trade and other issues. In this paper we compare ICP-MS trace elements and TIMS Sr–Nd isotopes of visibly similar Tang sancai from two major production centres Gongxian and Yaozhou. The variation in contents/ratios of many of >40 trace elements is small for samples from Gongxian, yet is considerably bigger for that from Yaozhou. However, the variation in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopic ratios is very small for samples from both places. Gongxian and Yaozhou samples have distinctive Sr–Nd isotopic and trace element features despite their similarity in major elements, and these analysis data can be interpreted with geochemistry, indicating that Sr and Nd isotopes have great potential in ceramic provenance studies. The distinct characterisation of these samples provides valuable criteria for identifying provenance of Tang sancai of uncertain origin. Two modern fakes are also analysed, and they can as well be distinguished from antique Tang sancai using above criteria.     

河北北朝墓志札记(七则)

文章根据河北一带近年出土的11方北朝墓志、砖刻,结合相关史料,对所涉及的志主身份、背景及北朝时期的历史、地理等作了一些考证和探索,同时对志文中的个别俗字、别字逐一考订。     

承德地区汉代长城与烽燧调查

承德自古是中原汉族与北方草原游牧民族交往的区域,为历代军事要塞,古长城遗迹丰富。本文报告了汉长城与烽燧在承德境内的分布、走向以及建筑特征,并做了一些初步考证。     

鲁菜文化的历史源流

一、鲁菜文化内涵的形成中国古代文化赖以产生和发展的土壤有三大区域,即黄河流域、长江流域和珠江流域。而中华民族群构时期的策源地则是黄河流域。先秦时期,仰韶文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化、齐家文化遗址以及夏商周的都城,都在黄河流域。其中黄帝部落的阪泉、涿鹿之战的胜利,使氏族部落最终融合成早期的中华民族群构,而奠定了汉民族的大一统的文化内涵。以后春秋五霸、战国七雄的纷争割据及诸子百家的探索争鸣,直到秦灭六国统一天下的这段时期,从文化发展来看,正是大一统的民族文化圈急剧膨胀的时代。     

Biotechnology and Food Safety in China: Consumers’ Acceptance or Resistance?

Although China is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived food products, little is known about the level of Chinese consumer awareness, understanding and acceptance of GM food. Initially, China pursued relatively aggressive policies for biotechnology development, but in recent years, the central government has become more sensitive to the potential environmental risks of transgenic food crops. To protect domestic biotech industries, the state plays a critical role in the politics of biotechnology, and does not allow GM food to become a prominent public issue. This contribution reports on a survey of 1,000 urban respondents. It demonstrates that most consumers lack the most basic understanding of biotechnology and its potential risks. The majority of the respondents (60 per cent) were either unwilling to consume GM food or were neutral about the idea, but when given neutrally‐worded information about potential GM food allergenicity, the willingness to buy dropped sharply. This might point to future scenarios of consumer resistance against GM food as has happened in European Union member states. This effect demonstrates the malleability of the Chinese consumer in a context of limited understanding and inadequate access to information.     

Agricultural reclamation policy and environmental changes in the northwest China during the Qing dynasty

Northwest China, including the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and a small part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, was not only one of the earliest developed areas in history, but also one of the most ecologically fragile belts. The traditionally sustainable land reclamation and cultivation policies for the development of an agricultural economy adopted and implemented in administrations during different periods of the Qing dynasty, greatly raised farming and stock production. However, this led to imbalances in the originally fragile ecological environment. The negative effects such as rapidly expanding desertification, worsening water and soil erosions, increased cost of production, enlarged investment, vicious cycles and failing economy can serve as a lesson for contemporary development. __________ Translated from: Qingshi Yanjiu 清史研究 (Studies in Qing History), No. 1, 2004     

晚清商办与官办的斗争

晚清时期,围绕着近代民用企业实行商办,还是实行官办,进行了3个回合的斗争。第一回合,轮船招商局屡被弹劾,京中言官要求对其统制,乃至收归官办,被李鸿章顶住。第二回合,围绕着湖北铁政局的经营形式,张之洞与盛宣怀展开争论,结果张之洞动用官款创建,企业实行官办;然而,企业官办后经济效益太差,几年后不得不招商承办。第三回合,“轮电之争”,袁世凯将官督商办企业收归官办或对之实行统制,盛宣怀经过多年努力,终于使各官督商办企业摆脱“官督”,完全商办。经过数十年商办与官办的斗争,以及商办的不断胜利,迎来了民国初年中国民族资本主义的“黄金时代”。     

对春秋时期吴国城址的初步认识

春秋时期的吴国出于政治、军事和经济等目的,兴建了众多的功能有别,形态各异的大小城池,文章通过实地调查并结合文献记载,对现有的吴国城址进行了描绘和讨论。