程敏政统宗谱法与徽州谱法发展

明成化年间程敏政纂修《新安程氏统宗世谱》为徽州谱法以及谱系文化发展的标志性事件,其谱法既强调谱系文献考证的意义,又强调世家统宗的宗法收族主张,对徽州谱法以及谱系文化的发展影响甚大。正是在对程敏政统宗谱法的讨论与批评中,徽州宗族形成了以统宗收族为根本、以存疑存阙为史法的徽州谱法。     

珠海城市旅游发展

城市旅游是一种新型的以城市整体为目的地的旅游活动,经济发展和各地城市综合环境改观及基本设施的完善,使城市自身兼有了旅游目的地和客源地之双重功能,其发展已超越了传统意义上旅游所固有的内涵,使城市的项目建设、景区开发、城市特有氛围培育等均成为城市旅游自身发展中重要的资源。珠海市以整体景观被国家旅游局命名为"珠海旅游城",并入选"旅游胜地四十佳"。因此,通过珠海城市旅游的发展条件、现状、发展模式及驱动机制等内容的分析,为国内城市旅游的研究提供一个案例。     

关于博物馆陈列艺术精品化的思考

博物馆陈列艺术精品化是博物馆事业发展的重要标志,必须从陈列展品、艺术形式设计、外部环境、陈列讲解、发挥馆藏文物潜能特色、提倡馆际区域间的资源共享等方面进行实施。     

文献、田野与自我:关于民俗学研究的方法论反思--以《婚姻仪礼变迁与社会网络重建》为例

民俗学研究的独特性究竟是什么？是研究对象,还是研究方法,抑或是研究视角？尽管民俗学将研究对象界定在民众上,但是如果剥离开民俗学的概念体系这个外衣,民众的内容就是人。就人而言,社会学和人类学都以其为研究对象,民俗学如何能够呈现出自己的研究特色？说得严密些,加一个限定词,民俗学研究的是民间的人,那么农村社会学、都市社会学以及人类学就不研究民间的人吗？如果民俗学研究的独特性体现在研究方法上,那么这个与众不同的研究方法又是什么？是历史学的文献研究,还是人类学的田野工作？方法是共通的,如果这个命题成立的话,那么就不能用方法来界定学科,至少对于民俗学是这样。     

当代婚姻与民众生活:以辽东山区清原镇为个案

从2003年的春节到3月末,笔者一直在辽宁省清原镇做调查.调查的范围是当地的婚姻习俗,其中包括民众对婚姻的理解、婚姻实践以及婚姻仪式等.在调查的过程中,作者发现婚姻是一个不大好谈的话题,尤其是对一个异性陌生人.……     

Do EU funds crowd out other public expenditures? Evidence on the additionality principle from the detailed Czech municipalities’ data

European Union (EU) funds flowing into budgets of public sector organizations of its member states should be additional to their nationally funded expenditures. To investigate this additionality principle systematically, we develop a new empirical method. Our main hypothesis is that some of the EU-funded projects are crowding out national public expenditures. Not being able to reject the hypothesis would be consistent with violating the additionality principle. To test the hypothesis, we examine how EU funding translates into actual spending of relatively comparable municipalities of the Czech Republic. We innovatively match the municipal authorities’ budgetary data on EU-funded expenditure projects with their other, nationally funded, expenditures. We find no systemic crowding out of national public expenditures by EU funds at the level of operational programmes in the Czech municipalities’ data, which is consistent with no evidence of violating the additionality principle. Nonetheless, going down to the municipal level enables us to show how the results can pinpoint individual cases of EU fund’s potential mismanagement in Czech municipalities. Overall, we provide the first evaluation of the additionality principle at the level of individual recipients of EU funds and in doing so we develop a methodological approach potentially applicable to other fund recipients.     

More than trees: The challenges of creating a geodatabase to capture the complexity of forest history

European forests have been copiously documented for centuries. However, forest-related archival sources were rarely utilised to their full potential, mainly because of the difficulties in producing compatible data from large amounts of very different sources. Furthermore, analysing such data for larger areas in high resolution was hardly possible prior to the emergence of historical GIS. This paper presents the geodatabase of the LONGWOOD project, which includes tens of thousands of pieces of information on forest history from the 11^th to the 20^th century for 3,567 townships in the eastern Czech Republic (c. 27,000 km²). The paper describes the challenges we met, briefly summarizes the results, evaluates the database in a worldwide context and introduces possible directions for future research.     

Diet in transitory society: isotopic analysis of medieval population of Central Europe (ninth–eleventh century AD,Czech Republic)

Dietary behavior in the context of the formation of state structure, Christianization, and significant urbanization was studied, using the Great Moravian Empire (ninth–tenth century AD, Czech Republic) as a representative example. We also analyzed the impact of the disruption of social structure at the beginning of the tenth century and subsequent recovery of society during the eleventh century. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in 189 adults (both sexes) and 74 animals representing different socioeconomic contexts (power centers/hinterlands) and chronology (Great Moravian/Late Hillfort period). Statistically significant differences in animal protein consumption were observed between centers and hinterlands. For centers, significant relationship was found between nitrogen isotopic values and socioeconomic status in males but not for females. Diachronic diet changes were observed, with the eleventh century diet characterized by higher millet consumption in both sexes and lower consumption of animal protein in males. These results confirm that Great Moravia represented a highly stratified society socioeconomically. Social status appears to determine the consumption of animal protein much more in males than in females. The diet of females also proved to be more uniform in the diachronic frame. The diachronic change in dietary behavior suggests that through the apparent recovery in the eleventh century, Moravian society did not reach its original level of welfare at least in terms of the quality of diet.     

Body mass estimation in skeletal samples using the hybrid approach: the effect of population-specific variations and sexual dimorphism

Body mass is estimated from skeletal records with low accuracy, and it is expected that population-specific equations derived by a hybrid approach may help to reduce the error in body mass estimates. We used 204 individuals from five Central European Early Medieval sites to test the effect of population-specific femoral head breadth equations on the accuracy of body mass estimates. The baseline for living body mass was computed using the biiliac breadth and stature. We also analyzed the agreement of five general femoral head techniques that are used in body mass estimation (Elliott et al. (Archaeol Anthropol Sci 1–20, 2015b; Grine et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 97:151–185, 1995); McHenry (Am J Phys Anthropol 87:407–431, 1992); Ruff et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 148:601–617, 2012); Ruff et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 86:397, 1991)). Our results support previous findings showing that body mass is predicted with lower accuracy than stature, even when population-specific equations are derived. However, the population-specific approach increases the agreement with the body mass estimated from the biiliac breadth and stature, particularly when sex-specific equations are used. Thus, our results advocate for the employment of sex-specific equations when possible and show that the possibility of deriving equation for each sex separately is the main advantage of the population-specific approach. The best agreement among the body mass techniques in the Central European Early Medieval samples was observed using the femoral head equations reported by Ruff et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 148:601–617, 2012) and McHenry (Am J Phys Anthropol 87:407–431, 1992), whereas other studied equations provided lower agreement. The particularly low performance obtained using the technique reported by Elliott et al. (2015b) questioned the use of their equations to estimate body masses.     

Middle pleistocene adaptations in Central Europe

The biological evolution documented in the fossil and archaeological record of Central Europe between about 700,000 and 100,000 years ago reflects the transition fromHomo erectus to the earliestHomo sapiens. These populations created different types of industries, ranging from assemblages of small artifacts and industries with simple pebble tools to standardized units such as the Evolved Acheulean and the Early Mousterian. The industries of the Last Interglacial (Taubachian) show some regression in technological standardization and a reappearance of small artifacts. Other aspects of cultural adaptation (settlements, dwellings, hunting activity, symbolic and aesthetic expressions) are also summarized. It is suggested that the impact of climate and climatic changes on human settlement and behavior was greater in Central Europe (where two glaciations advanced from both north and south) than in the Mediterranean and Western Europe. The general trend of cultural veolution was toward greater technological and social complexity, but its course was not unilinear.