关于甘肃武威雷台出土铜奔马的年代

孙机先生《关于甘肃武威雷台出土铜奔马的年代》一文进一步讨论了铜奔马的年代问题。武威雷台发现了一整套由铜车马和骑马俑组成的出行仪仗,铜奔马是这套仪仗中的一件。铜马昂首嘶鸣,长尾飘举,三足腾空,右后足附着一振翅飞翔的燕子,飞燕回首惊视,骏马已经超越在前。古代传说的天马行空的壮丽景象再现人间。铜奔马优美姿态与精湛的工艺举世瞩目,成为中国文化的标志之一。铜奔马出土以后受到考古界的重视,从多个角度进行研究,取得了相当的成果。但是对于铜奔马的年代,尚有待进一步明确。孙机先生充分展示了争议各方的观点,作出了客观的分析,其主张自然清楚了。孙机先生著述十分丰富,成就卓然,是当今古代器物研究的开拓者,他的研究方法、治学思想给人以很大的启迪。     

辽宁省少数民族地区经济发展论述

本文分析了辽宁省少数民族地区经济发展缓慢的原因,提出了促进辽宁省少数民族地区经济发展的一些建议.     

激发学生的写作兴趣

根据《语文课程标准》中写作教学的总目标：“能具体明确,文从字顺地表述自己的意思。能根据日常生活需要,运用常见的表达方式写作。”由此可以看出,去除学生对于作文的畏惧心理,注重激发学生的写作兴趣和自信心,养成良好的写作习惯将是初中作文教学的首要任务。现将笔者在初中作文教学探讨中的一些经验拿来与大家同享,希望对作文教学有所裨益。     

西域绿洲人与自然的互动与演变——以高昌绿洲为例

吐鲁番绿洲作为天山南麓——环塔里木盆地诸绿洲为代表,在欧亚大陆间不同人类文明的交流与发展当中占有非常独特的地位。西域绿洲文明经历了从萌发到成长到成熟这三个不同的阶段,绿洲文明随人而兴,亦有可能因人而衰,要保持绿洲文明的可持续发展,人与绿洲生态环境的良性互动是解决问题的关键所在。     

乾隆年问“云南边外土司”建置研究

乾隆三十年冬初至乾隆三十四年底,中缅双方爆发大规模武装冲突,清军四次攻入临边一带缅甸实际控制的区域。在战争进程中,该区域内的众多土司头人降附清王朝,清廷遂将其接纳并授予土职,称为“边外土司”,从而改变了战争的目的。虽说设置“边外土司”是恢复元明统治规模,但此地久为缅甸占据,此举无异于一次复土开疆。但在付出重大的人员伤亡和耗费巨额财物后,最终却未得尺寸之地,对此后中缅关系以及清王朝治滇治策,均产生重大影响。     

Resources and spatial analysis at actual Nenets campsites: Ethnoarchaeological implications

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss empirical evidence on the dynamics of occupation and site formation processes from contemporary mobile campsites in Northwest Siberia. The questions posed are derived generally from archaeological studies of Upper Paleolithic record in Europe. We document the active Nenets summer camps at lakes and the abandoned winter and spring camps in the open tundra and the forest tundra. Analysis of the floral and zoological resources shows that plant resources and fish are available predominantly in the summer while reindeer are abundant in these regions in fall and winter when they return from summer pastures further north. When natural resources are not available, groups supplement with food purchased at shops. Within these living camps, “structures évidentes” and “structures latentes” of classical French paleoethnology cannot be distinguished as clearly as at Upper Paleolithic sites: and architectural remains, ash from hearths, and other objects may be removed from the central areas towards the site peripheries. However the investigated camps preserve a discrete structure with interior living areas (including children’s playgrounds), exterior areas with evidence of reindeer carcass processing, woodworking, and other activities, peripheral toss zones, and dispersed activity remains in the surrounding landscape.     

南宋著名诗人范成大“陂陀天海”砚考

家藏古砚中有一方墨渍满面的歙砚,镌＂持节风霜十九年＂铭,刻苏武牧羊像和＂山中＂＂居士＂印款的石砚。清洗观赏后方感到砚石的纹理奇而美,便萌生考证之念。     

Command Celebrities: The Rise and Fall of Hanzelka and Zikmund

In the 1950s and 1960s, the travellers, explorers, authors, and filmmakers Ji?í Hanzelka and Miroslav Zikmund became celebrities both in Czechoslovakia and abroad. The Communist cultural authorities actively supported the transformation of the two men into cultural icons, which could be exploited as a model for the suppression of ‘old’, ‘decadent’, and indeed ‘popular’ culture, and as a tool for recruiting members of the intellectual, cultural, and social elites into its service. Hanzelka and Zikmund’s multimedia travelogues, as well as their dashing public personae, blended in a unique way the ‘high’ and ‘low’, the accessible and unreachable, the familiar and the exotic, in the officially promoted culture of the time. But in the later 1960s, as Hanzelka and Zikmund’s political loyalties towards some form of reform socialism became more blatant, the two men fell into disfavour, and they found themselves banished from the public sphere following the events of 1968 until the regime fell in 1989. This article investigates how the curious ‘command celebrity’ of ‘H&Z’ straddled socialist ideology and capitalist consumerism, political affirmation and cultural critique.     

‘The Old Woman as Hare’: Structure and Meaning in an Irish Legend

This paper looks at the St Kitts and Nevis Mummies' plays as published in Folklore by Roger Abrahams (1968). It demonstrates that the texts were originally taken from a play published by the Victorian children's author Mrs J.H. Ewing. This play appeared in several editions, most notably in two series issued by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Mrs Ewing's text was itself compiled from three northern English chapbook texts and a version from Silverton, Devon. The relative contribution of these texts to Mrs Ewing's play, and the way she put them together, are both explored.