Reviews

THE MODERN WORLD: A HISTORY OF OUR TIME. Vol. I. Gordon Greenwood. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1963. 791 pp. 63s.

THE COMMONWEALTH AND SUEZ. A DOCUMENTARY SURVEY. Selected, edited and with commentaries by James Eayrs. London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. xxiv + 483. Australian price 95/‐.

THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY. A VOLUME OF READINGS. H. W. Arndt and W. M. Corden (eds.). Melbourne, F. W. Cheshire, 1963. Australian price 30/‐.

POLAND, BRIDGE FOR THE ABYSS? AN INTERPRETATION OF DEVELOPMENTS IN POST‐WAR POLAND. Richard Hiscocks. London, Oxford University Press, 1963. viii, 359 pp. Map. Australian price 65/‐.

NEW NATIONS IN A DIVIDED WORLD. THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF AFRO‐ASIAN STATES. Kurt London (ed.). London, Praeger, 1963. Pp. 350. Sterling 45/‐ (cloth), 16/‐ (paper).

NEW GUINEA'S FIRST NATIONAL ELECTION. Edited by Murray C. Groves. A Symposium reprinted from the Journal of the Polynesian Society, Volume 73, No. 2, June 1964. Price 5/‐ (N.Z.).

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN RURAL CENTRAL JAVA. Robert R. Jay. Cultural Report Series No. 12, Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University. 1963.

GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN LAOS. A STUDY OF TRADITION AND INNOVATION. Joel M. Halpern. Monograph Series No. 4. Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University. 1964. Pp. ix + 199, map, 15 tables.

HRAF handbook on Laos (Laos: its people, its society, its culture ed. F. M. LeBar and A. Suddard. HRAF Press, New Haven, 1960) to which Dr Halpern was a contributor.     

Partitioning chi-square for the analysis of frequency table data: an archaeological application

Archaeologists often wish to compare observed frequency distributions with expectations generated by a model. We describe a technique of partitioning chisquare which yields information about goodness of fit to a model and about homogeneity among populations simultaneously, and which is often superior to other commonly used methods of evaluating frequency data. The technique is demonstrated with data from the Upper Paleolithic rockshelter Le Flageolet I. The results suggest selective raw material use by the Aurignacian occupants.     

Ceramics and change: an overview of pottery production techniques in northern South Africa and eastern Zimbabwe during the first and second millennium AD

In southern African Iron Age studies, there are few attempts to systematically apply and include laboratory analyses when studying archaeological ceramic materials. As demonstrated in this paper, such analyses help to understand the technological aspects such as raw materials, manufacturing techniques and vessel function. Combined with vessel shape and decoration as well as ethnographic studies, the results provide new ways to understand local and regional distribution networks of the ceramics craft. Furthermore, laboratory analyses are most useful when studying continuity and changes in the ceramics handicraft over time, which has implications both on cultural and social change as seen in the shift in ceramic production techniques. We use examples from Zimbabwe and South Africa to illustrate these changes and discuss them in a broader social and technological context in Iron Age southern Africa.     

An Empirically Based Implementation and Evaluation of a Hierarchical Model for Commuting Flows. 一种基于经验的层状通勤流模型实现与评估

This article provides an empirical evaluation of a hierarchical approach to modeling commuting flows. As the gravity family of spatial interaction models represents a benchmark for empirical evaluation, we begin by reviewing basic aspects of these models. The hierarchical modeling framework is the same that Thorsen, Ubøe, and Nævdal (1999) used. However, because some modifications are required to construct a more workable model, we undertake a relatively detailed presentation of the model, rather than merely referring to the presentation in Thorsen, Ubøe, and Nævdal (1999) . The model uses a hierarchical specification of a transportation network and the individual search procedure. Journeys to work are determined by the effects of distance deterrence and of intervening opportunities, and by the location of potential destinations relative to alternatives at subsequent levels in a transportation network. The model calibration uses commuting data from a region in western Norway. The estimated parameter values are reasonable, and the explanatory power is very satisfactory when compared with the results of a competing destinations approach.     

Termine

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

My Paradigm or Yours? Alternative Development,Post-Development,Reflexive Development

Alternative development has been concerned with alternative practices of development—participatory and people-centred—and with redefining the goals of development. Mainstream development has gradually been moving away from the preoccupation with economic growth toward a people-centred definition of development, for instance in human development. This raises the question in what way alternative development remains distinguishable from mainstream development—as a roving criticism, a development style, a profile of alternative positions regarding development agency, methodology, epistemology? Increasingly the claim is that alternative development represents an alternative paradigm. This is a problematic idea for four reasons: because whether paradigms apply to social science is questionable; because in development the concern is with policy frameworks rather than explanatory frameworks; because there are different views on whether a paradigm break with conventional development is desirable; and finally because the actual divergence in approaches to development is in some respects narrowing. There is a meaningful alternative development profile or package but there is no alternative development paradigm—nor should there be. Mainstream development is not what it used to be and it may be argued that the key question is rather whether growth and production are considered within or outside the people-centred development approach and whether this can rhyme with the structural adjustment programmes followed by the international financial institutions. Post-development may be interpreted as a neo-traditionalist reaction against modernity. More enabling as a perspective is reflexive development, in which a critique of science is viewed as part of development politics.