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161.
Although sickle blades gloss is known to form during the harvest, which is a dynamic process and although it is known to be a type of wear which is the outcome of the repetitive encounters between the sickle blades working edges and plant stems; there is no common way to quantify its intensity. Since there is no consensus over a specific scale that will enable the estimation of the amount of wear, based on the quantification of gloss brightness intensity. In this paper we propose a new measurement system which is based on the projection of laser (He–Ne) beam on glossed sickle blades and an analysis of the reflected images. The results form a relative scale from which it is possible to infer on the sickle blades level of wear, and to create discard models. 相似文献
162.
Charles E. OrserJr. 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2010,18(2):111-150
The practice of historical archaeology has exploded over the past two decades, and especially since 2000. Methodological advances
and new theoretical insights mean that archaeological research requires periodic evaluation, and this overview builds on the
work of three earlier assessors of the discipline. Here, I concentrate on four areas of research currently being pursued by
historical archaeologists: analytical scale, capitalism, social inequality, and heritage and memory. I conclude that historical
archaeologists have made major strides in understanding the modern world and that future research promises to offer diverse
perspectives that will deepen our appreciation for how the past influences the present. 相似文献
163.
Ian Gilligan 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(1):15-80
This paper presents a thermal model for the prehistoric origin and development of clothing. A distinction is drawn between
simple and complex forms of clothing, with broad implications for the interpretation of paleolithic technological transitions
and the emergence of modern human behavior. Physiological principles and paleoenvironmental data are harnessed to identify
conditions requiring simple, loosely draped garments and the more challenging conditions that demanded additional protection
in the form of complex garment assemblages. No actual clothing survives from the Pleistocene, yet the archaeological record
yields evidence for technological and other correlates of clothing—more evidence than is generally supposed. Major innovations
and trends in the distributions and relative frequencies of lithic and other tool forms may reflect the changing need for
portable insulation in the context of fluctuating ice age climates. Moreover, the nonthermal repercussions of complex clothing
can be connected with archaeological signatures of modern human behavior, notably adornment. Alternative models are less parsimonious
in accounting for the geographical and temporal variability of prominent technological and other behavioral patterns in association
with environmental change. 相似文献
164.
Stephen T. Driscoll 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(3):442-462
Historical archaeology as practiced in Scotland is divergent from the mainstream tradition of historical archaeology/post-medieval
archaeology that dominates North America and the English-speaking world. Cultural and historical forces have shaped an historical
archaeology with a deeper time depth, which extends back into the Middle Ages. It also focuses on different subjects reflecting
the political concerns associated with Scottish national identity. Examples drawn from Glasgow’s history are used to illustrate
the distinctiveness of the Scottish tradition and how it is evolving. I argue that one of its strengths of Scottish historical
archaeology is that it provides a corrective contrast to the subjects and approaches which dominate historical archaeology
in the English-speaking world. 相似文献
165.
Darren Griffin 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(1):156-169
One of the spaces where the interactions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups during the period of contact and cross-cultural
interaction took place around the world, was at missions. In Australia, missions were founded, rearranged and closed down
over a period of time in which the attitudes of Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups and official Government policy towards
contact relationships were continually changing. By analyzing the use of these contested spaces at Australian Missions by
both groups, archaeologists can begin to understand how the new relationships between these groups were negotiated, contested
and played out over time. This paper analyses the use of space, using the theoretical frameworks of the archaeologies of capitalism,
at Poonindie Mission in South Australia, which was established by the Anglican Church with support from the colonial government
and operated between 1850 and 1896. 相似文献
166.
Sandra Garvie-Lok 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(2):271-284
Human remains recovered from the stadium tunnel at Ancient Nemea offer a window into one life in the time of the sixth-century
CE Slavic invasion of the Greek Peloponessos. The remains likely represent a middle-aged male and show a cranial injury similar
to conflict-related wounds seen in some medieval skeletal populations. The wound is well-healed and was inflicted some time
before death. Lesions elsewhere on the skeleton reflect an active life involving hard physical work. This man’s injury and
the unique find context of his remains may reflect the unsettled conditions of late sixthcentury Greece. 相似文献
167.
Martin Gibbs 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):593-613
This paper presents alternative readings of the archaeology of a series of nineteenth-century industrial and convict sites
in the midwest region of Western Australia. In particular it employs the biography of Joseph Horrocks a former convict turned
mine manager, to reinterpret the relationship between these places, considering the agency of the individual and suggesting
how his experiences at some sites may have influenced him to attempt to create an idealised industrial settlement aimed at
assisting with the reform of convicts. 相似文献
168.
David K. Pettegrew 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(2):215-229
This paper reexamines the archaeological evidence for three episodes of rural abandonment and resettlement in the countrysides
of Late Roman Greece (200–700 CE): an abandoned Late Hellenistic-Early Roman countryside (second century BCE to third century
CE), a decline in the third to early fourth centuries CE, and the Dark Age beginning in the seventh century CE. The first
and third episodes of abandonment, especially, have sharply defined Late Antiquity (250–700 CE) as a healthy period of new
rural settlement and economic resurgence, and the entire pattern has been described in the terms of “boom-and-bust” demographic
and economic cycles. Closer readings of the archaeological data can contribute to more sensitive pictures of continuity and
change in settlement and connectivity in the late antique Corinthian countryside and other regions in Greece. 相似文献
169.
This paper compares two contrasting Australian case studies in the archaeology of Indigenous-European interaction: one mission-like
in its intent, the Aboriginal Settlement for Tasmanian Aborigines at Wybalenna on Flinders Island in the Bass Strait (1833–47),
the other the Lutheran mission at Lake Killalpaninna (1867–1928) investigated by the Central Australia Archaeology Project
(CAAP). Each of the two case studies adopted different strategies of investigation. Wybalenna was a small excavation while
Killalpaninna was an extensive surface survey. Both studies reveal diversity in the range of responses to a missionizing program,
providing evidence of agency in the formation of the archaeological record. They demonstrate the value of the material evidence
and the significance of archaeology in contributing to a more sensitive understanding of the interaction process by providing
an alternative to textual sources. 相似文献
170.
The Mornington Island Mission in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, was a site of historical engagement between Aboriginal
people and missionaries. In this paper, we apply the theoretical concepts of “domains” and the “intercultural” to the investigation
of this engagement between 1914 and 1942, when the mission was overseen by the Reverend Robert Wilson. Through the examination
of the removal of Aboriginal children, the establishment of a mission compound and Aboriginal camp and the inclusion of Aboriginal
adults into the mission compound through production and economy, we show how mutually constituted domains operated. At the
same time, the interaction between Aboriginal adults and children with missionaries within these domains was increasingly
intercultural in nature. Thus, both “domains” and the “intercultural” are shown to have relevance to the historical case study. 相似文献