铁路与沿线地区城乡经济关系的重构——以1888-1937年间的石家庄、郑州、天津为例

在1881-1937年间的华北地区,铁路运输兴起并形成网络后,其所具有的种种优势促进了新兴城市的崛起,推动了传统城市形态的演变,加快了沿海港口城市腹地的拓展.由此,这一区域内的城乡经济关系也发生了时代变动.由于以往的城乡二元结构或三元(城市、集镇、农村,或城市、城乡边缘区、乡村)结构理论关照下的笼统分析,并未反映出城乡经济关系的多样性和复杂化,因此本文将以石家庄、郑州和天津为例,试图通过考察城乡经济关系的变动与重构,揭示区域社会由传统向近代演变的特征与一般规律.     

CHEMICAL COMPARISON OF RARE CHINESE WHITE POTTERY FROM FOUR SITES OF THE ERLITOU STATE: RESULTS AND ARCHAEOMETRICAL IMPLICATIONS

White pottery is among the most significant finds from China's earliest state, Erlitou (c. 1900–1500 bc ). Samples were primarily discovered in small numbers from elite tombs of a few sites, leading to the hypothesis that they were made at only a few locations and then circulated regionally as prestige items. To facilitate determining provenances, we compare the ICP–MS trace elements and TIMS Sr isotopes of whiteware with two soil samples from Nanwa, a possible manufacturing site, and with shards found at three other sites: Erlitou, Huizui and Nanzhai. The Nanwa shards demonstrate special elemental and Sr isotopic features. Considering the chemical observation and archaeological background together, we propose that Nanwa was a centre for whiteware production, although the two soil samples we collected there were probably not the exact materials used. Some whiteware pieces from Erlitou, Huizui and Nanzhai fall in the chemical field defined by Nanwa samples, indicating that they were possibly made at Nanwa. Many other samples from these three sites plot outside the Nanwa field, implying they were probably not Nanwa products. This study demonstrates that while chemical sourcing is very useful, firm archaeological context must remain the cornerstone of such research.     

近代大泽山老母信仰与地方社会的构建——以日照庵香会碑为中心

明清以来,碧霞元君信仰在华北地区广泛流行。据碑刻和地方志记载,至迟到康熙年间,大泽山上的日照庵成为碧霞元君行宫。碧霞元君在大泽山,被称为"老母",在清初到民国的250余年间,从名称、信仰辐射范围,乃至神灵格局,都经历了诸多流变。清初,大泽山碧霞行宫信仰辐射范围主要在平度、莱州以及昌邑三角地带;清末到民国年间,大泽山信仰的辐射范围增大,逐渐成为鲁东民间信仰的中心,并一定程度上分走泰山的香火。这个转变的过程,与平度、莱州、昌邑这个三角地带作为一个整体的区域社会的建构过程密不可分。     

近代华北乡村市场中的包税制——以直隶省获鹿县为例

作为买卖双方的中介机构,牙行在乡村市场自古有之,而到了近代,政府为满足自身攫取资源的需要,采用了包税制度,这种制度与乡村市场传统的抽用体系产生矛盾,使得维持村庄组织运行与乡地制度的基本保障与必要成本从根基上造成破坏,引发了乡村社会的多重危机。     

Movement of Garden Plants from Market to Bushland: Gardeners' Plant Procurement and Garden‐Related Behaviour

In Australia, the largest importer of exotic plant species is the gardening industry, and most major environmental weeds originally derive from domestic gardens or nurseries. To provide strategies for weed management, this study aims to clarify two key points on the pathway along which garden plants flow from the market to the natural environment with the help of human activities. These are local residents' procurement of garden plants, and local residents' garden‐related behaviour (e.g. leaving organic materials in reserves). We draw on a survey (382 respondents) among Wollongong (New South Wales, Australia) residents whose property has at least one boundary adjacent to bushland. Frequency analysis and ordinal regression were used. The results indicated that most respondents obtained garden plants, and relevant information, from nurseries but perceived that there was insufficient plant origin information (that is, whether introduced from abroad, native to Australia or local to the Illawarra) to help them make choices. It also indicated that a minority of respondents frequently left organic materials (such as lawn clippings) in reserves neighbouring their garden, and many of these respondents saw some benefits in doing so. This study confirms the significant role of nurseries in gardeners' plant choice, and raises questions about the significance of dumping garden waste.     

热脱附-气质联用法无损测定函套中挥发性物质的探索研究

热脱附-气质联用法作为一种无损分析技术,可以用于测定函套中的挥发性物质。为此,用Tenax-TA吸附管对10种目标化合物进行吸附,在优化的色谱条件下,苯、甲苯、乙酸正丁酯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、正十一烷和糠醛等组分相关性良好。对实际样品进行测定,可以实现函套等装具中挥发性有害物质的分离分析。研究结果对纸质文献的保护有参考作用。     

土遗址裂隙注浆材料PS-(C+F)与SH-(C+F)性能对比研究

西北干旱、半干旱地区保存有大量的土遗址,裂隙、淘蚀、洞穴、冲沟、坍塌等一系列病害对遗址的破坏作用明显。就裂隙注浆材料而言,本研究基于PS-(C+F)的成功应用,为使注浆材料多元化,对比研究SH-(C+F)浆液作为注浆材料的适用性。通过室内对两种材料的力学性能、水理性质、抗冻性、抗老化性的比较以及现场对裂隙加固效果的检测,最终分析数据得出结论,SH-(C+F)与PS-(C+F)的力学性能相当,但SH-(C+F)的抗渗性、抗崩解性、抗冻性、抗老化性等略好一些。因此,SH-(C+F)浆液适宜作为注浆材料应用于土遗址裂隙加固中。试验结果对西北地区土遗址裂隙加固材料的多元化有重要的参考意义和指导作用。     

兰新高铁对西北地区可达性及经济联系的影响

高铁正在深刻改变和影响我国区域空间格局，兰新高铁作为丝绸之路经济带上重要交通线，对西北地区经济发展具有重要推动作用。通过GIS网络分析及成本加权栅格法构建模型，综合选用最短时间距离、加权平均旅行时间及经济联系强度指标，定量分析兰新高铁对西北地区可达性及经济联系的影响。结果发现：兰新高铁引发了非均衡的时空收敛效应，影响和重塑了区域空间结构，沿线城市可达性提升优于非沿线城市，“核心-边缘”格局得到强化；兰新高铁提升了中心城市的辐射能力，加速中心城市的空间扩张和重构，中心城市一日交流圈面积（3h）均有增加，在空间上沿高铁线呈带状分布；兰新高铁增强了城市间经济联系，促进高铁沿线经济带的发展，沿线城市经济联系中心度得到提高，区域经济联系模式“廊道效应”明显。本研究为完善西北地区交通网络及推动丝绸之路经济带建设提供参考。     

虢国考

虢国是西周初分封的重要姬姓国,汉以后的文献中记载了东、西、南、北和小虢五个虢国.依据历史文献和考古资料,我们认为周初周王所封只有二虢,一为东虢,一为西虢.由于西虢的东迁及其历史变迁,而有了所谓的五个虢国.