GENTRIFICATION AND THE SPATIAL CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE: THE RESTRUCTURING OF LONDON'S DOCKLANDS*

This paper argues that despite recent advances in research concerned with gentrification, the role of the state in this process has not been adequately conceptualised. Existing perspectives largely fail to provide a thorough analysis of the way in which the duality of the states ‘political’ and ‘economic’ functions are related, and how these are represented in concrete spatial situations. Through an empirical focus upon London's Docklands, the way in which the state, through the London Docklands Development Corporation, is spatially constituted and has influenced the gentrification process are examined. First, some conceptual and theoretical questions are discussed. Second, a brief historical context in which gentrification in the Docklands can be situated is provided, followed by an examination of how the restructuring of this area relates to the broader restructuring of state relations. The central role of the state in the gentrification of the Docklands is then considered by looking first, at how the LDDC has aided, through capital subsidisation, the production of a gentrified built environment giving rise to restructured patterns of socio-spatial polarisation. Second, the question of how this action and the inequalities arising from it have been legitimised, through political, ideological and socio-cultural means, is examined. Finally, some of the theoretical and political implications of this analysis are addressed.     

A Vietnamese Flag and a Bowl of Australian Flowers: Recomposing racism and sexism

This paper looks at the relationship between the discourses of racism and sexism and the configuration of school space in an Australian high school. I argue that school space is proliferative of racialised and sexualised divisions. Divisions can be identified between groups of 'Asian' girls, between 'Asian' girls and 'Asian' boys, and between 'Asian' students and 'non-Asian' students. While these divisions are legislated by discourses of racism and sexism, this paper focuses attention on 'Asian' girls response to this situation. I argue that against the experience of social marginality 'Asian' girls tactically reproduce differences. By highlighting the changing dynamics of spatial-social divisions in school, I show how 'Asian' girls contest and rework racialising/sexualising discourses to recompose 'Asian'/femininity.     

SOLIFLUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN CANADIAN ROCKIES

Turf-banked solifluction lobes are common landforms of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Observations made 1980–3 at 45 sites reveal a wide range in the rate of solifluction. The most rapid rates occur on moderately sloping, northeast-facing sites, in close proximity to the local treeline. However, statistical comparison indicates these variations are insignificant and that the mean rate of solifluction is similar throughout the area. Solifluction has an average rate of surface movement of 0.61 ± 0.21 cm/year and is responsible for annually transporting 8.76 ± 3.57 cm³/cm of sediment in the southern Canadian Rockies .
La topographie des Rocheuses canadiennes prend souvent la forme de lobes de solifluxion gazonner. Des observations faites entre 1980 et 1 983 dans 45 sites de ces lobes révèlent que le processus de solifluxion varie grandement d'un endroit à l'autre dans cette région. Les taux les plus rapides se retrouvent dans des sites modérément inclinés et orientés vers le nord-ouest, situés à proximité de la lisière des bois. Pourtant, des comparaisons statistiques indiquent que ces variations sont d'importance minime et que le taux moyen de solifluxion recte semblable à travers toute la région. La solifluxion se faut à un taux moyen de mouvement à la surface de 0,61 cm ± 0,21 cm par année et on peut lui imputer le fait de transporter annuellement de 8,76 cm³/ cm ± 3,57 cm³/cm de sediments dans la partie sud des Rocheuses canadiennes .     

THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF A ROMAN VILLA: MARSHFIELD—IRONMONGERS PIECE

Summary. The development of the Romano-British villa at Marshfield is reinterpreted as several phases in the growth of a kin group, analogous to David Clarke's reinterpretation of the Glastonbury village. It begins with two native farmsteads separated by a wall but having in common a shrine. They are replaced by a bipartite house, the internal division between the households being above the demolished wall, but, symbolically, at an angle to it; a likely parallel for this exists in Picardy. The architectural relations of the rooms are used to interpret function. In a second phase alterations suggest the changing relations of the two households, with one becoming markedly superior to the other; the putative shrine, not discernible in the first Romanised phase, is located in the superior house.     

反思与重构:遗产、博物馆再审视——劳拉简·史密斯教授专访

随着批评遗产研究的兴起,国际学界对遗产、博物馆实践进行了深刻的反思.澳大利亚国立大学劳拉简·史密斯教授认为,考古学家和其他学科的专家都需要重新审视自己在遗产实践中的角色及其学术话语带来的政治影响,倾听社区和其他利益相关者的声音;博物馆工作也应寻求与相关利益群体更深层的互动,认识到参观者往往有着复杂的身份认同与情感诉求,避免将之视为简单的被教育对象,要为他们提供激发情感共鸣和自我反思的资源;描述和探讨不同文化语境中的遗产话语是迫切需要的研究课题,亚洲的遗产活动和思维对于遗产的多样性发展具有重要意义,批评遗产研究的"批评"概念需要多元文化思考,遗产理论发展和遗产学专业教育也需要对遗产的多元化理解.     

Environmental Systems and Human Impact at Cobrico Crater,South-western Victoria

This study assesses human impact on the landscape around Cobrico, a volcanic crater lake in dairying country in south-western Victoria. It compares the last 150 years of impact of European settlement against approximately the previous 1500 years of prehistoric occupation and land use. Focus is on vegetation dynamics, erosion, productivity changes and the fire regime. Since European settlement there has been woodland clearance and recovery, the introduction of many plant and animal species and a significant increase in the intensity in the fire regime. While many direct linkages are apparent between environmental variables some operate over significant time lags. Fire has played a major role in vegetation dynamics and has favoured open ground taxa at the expense of Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. While major fires do not always lead to erosion in the catchment it is clear that some changes in the chemistry of erosion products have resulted, with potassium and iron showing increases in the historic period.     

The ‘rhinofication’ of South African security

The rhino‐poaching crisis in South Africa raises questions about whether it should be tackled through judicial processes or by the application of hard‐power methods. The poaching of wildlife has traditionally been met with a harsh response to send a clear message of punitive deterrence. While the reaction of the South African authorities has been no different, the contemporary threat posed by poaching intersects with, and is complicated by, wider concerns such as border security and immigration. In many respects, this has led to what can be termed the ‘rhinofication’ of South African security. South Africa has a long political tradition that relies on force rather than dialogue, negotiation and reform. Yet, the hard‐power response to protect the rhino and other large fauna, though necessary at one level, often runs up against the economic frustrations and temptations of a large, predominantly black, under‐class, which for generations has been excluded from wildlife management and conservation by white ‘exceptionalism’. Poachers are thus transformed through their counter‐cultural actions into what Eric Hobsbawm termed ‘social bandits’. While this social chasm lies at the heart of the ‘rhino wars’, it is clear that in practical terms the lack of a political/poaching settlement in the form of a racially inclusive conservation strategy almost certainly guarantees their continuation.