RESIDENTS' EVALUATIVE STRUCTURES OF NORTHERN MANITOBA MINING COMMUNITIES

The effects of community differences on place evaluation are examined with reference to residents' evaluations of two contrasting northern Manitoba mining towns: Thompson and Leaf Rapids. An adapted form of repertory grid technique is employed to reveal residents' cognitive structures, while a multidimensional scaling technique is used to uncover the underlying basis of place preference. The findings disclose important differences between the evaluative dimensions employed to assess the two communities. Although these differences appear to be largely context specific, it is proposed that 'size' and 'location' may represent common super-ordinate dimensions used in the evaluation of northern mining towns.
En se servant de deux villes septentrionales du Manitoba, Thompson et Leaf Rapids, deja remarquables par leurs contrastes naturels, on examine, sur une base comparative, les différences manifestées par les habitants, quand ils évaluent leur propre communauté. On utilise une forme modifiée de la technique de réseau répertorial pour révéler les structures cognitives des habitants, et on emploie aussi une technique d'étalonnage à plusieurs dimensions pour découvrir les critères de base qui déterminent les préférences exprimées à l'égard d'un endroit. les résultats de l'enquete demontrent des divergences importantes entre les critères qui se révèlent dans l'évaluation de chaque communauté. Bien que les divergences ont l'apparence d'ětre produites par des environnements spécifiques, on suggère que la grandeur relative d'une communauté et sa situation géographique peuvent représenter des critères communs utilisés dans l'évaluation d'un centre minier septentrional, par ses habitants.     

“Spreading the Wealth”: Justice Tom C. Clark's Wide‐ranging Efforts to Open the Doors of the Law Clerk Ranks

Associate Justice Tom C. Clark retired from the Supreme Court at the conclusion of its 1966 term to avoid even the appearance of impropriety when his son, Ramsey, became the U.S. Attorney General. “I believe it would be best for me to retire,” Clark wrote one well‐wisher, “Litigants have enough problems without having a father‐son psychology to face. And while there is no actual conflict the potential is there and the appearance of justice is as important and effective as the real thing.” ¹ Clark had served on the Court eighteen years, and he began his retirement with a three‐month, state‐sponsored goodwill trip around the world, which was cut short when he contracted hepatitis in Thailand.     

Grain‐scale permeabilities of faceted polycrystalline aggregates

Porous synthetic quartzites and amphibolites, each with faceted pore walls, were synthesized and evaluated to examine the permeability of pore networks similar to those of the lower crust and mantle. Quartzite with a fluid in equilibrium with an Mg–clinopyroxene contained connected networks of pores with a dihedral angle of 30° bounded by walls that were 10–50% faceted. The relationship of their permeability (k) to porosity (φ) is approximated by the previously determined relationship for relatively nonfaceted synthetic quartzite Amphibolite with an HF fluid contained fluorotremolite and a connected network of pores bounded by walls exhibiting 78–90% faceting. These materials showed much lower k for a given φ, with an apparent permeability threshold at φ_c = 0.04. A curve fit to these data yields The results suggest that moderate faceting has little effect on the transmission of fluids through rocks, but extensive faceting significantly alters permeability. This difference is most likely produced through isolation of the fluid to the grain corners at low φ with extensive faceting. Rocks with pores that tend toward faceting may impede the flow of fluids and melt.     

ON THE INTENT TO MAKE CRAMP: AN INTERPRETATION OF VITREOUS SEAWEED CREMATION 'WASTE' FROM PREHISTORIC BURIAL SITES IN ORKNEY, SCOTLAND

Summary.   Vitreous slag-like material, known as 'cramp', from prehistoric cremation burial sites in Orkney is, apart from cremated bone, one of the recurrent remains found within or around Bronze Age burials. Although the suggestion that cramp was formed by the fusing of sand attached to dry seaweed while it was being burnt was first proposed in the 1930s, there has never been a consideration of seaweed's contribution to cremation other than as a potential fuel. Scientific analyses presented in this paper corroborate the use of seaweed. It is suggested that cramp may have been deliberately produced to act as an efficient collector of shattered bone which otherwise could have been lost during the cremation. Far from being a 'waste', cramp could well have been another form of 'human-remains' in its own right.