蒋介石与两广六一事变

蒋介石应对两广六一事变大体上有一整套方针与步骤。事变初露端倪时,蒋静观其变。针对两粤之军事部署以防备为主,取监视与待机方针,欲利用两广之争和广东内部的文武内讧,以政治方式和平解决。事变爆发后,蒋为拆分粤桂,先专对粤。广东问题解决后,冒险撤换李宗仁、白崇禧。借口李、白抗命不服,趁机派兵入粤。待中央军转至西江布防后,开始对桂谋求和平解决。蒋处置两广之方针与步骤虽无明显之失算,为两广问题得以和平解决之关键,但其所运用之手段没有超出中国传统政治术之羁縻反侧的范畴。     

加快西部生态补偿机制建设——以四川省阿坝州和青海省玉树州为例

西部生态保护与建设是一项长期的任务,需要建立一套长效的生态保护机制和生态效益补偿机制,形成长效的治理机制和扶助机制。文章分析了影响西部地区可持续发展的制约因素,认为必须尽快制订生态补偿法等法律法规,并使之能行之有效,才能从根本上解决存在的诸多问题。     

论中世纪和近代早期英国中央财政管理机构的沿革

中世纪时,国库、财政署和私室是英国最主要的中央财政管理机构,三个机构的命运漂浮不定,主要原因是国王及其王室才是财政管理的中心所在。都铎时期,国王们为加强对财政的个人控制,建立了私室财政体制。斯图亚特王朝建立初期,中央财政管理一仍旧惯,但1612年的管理革新实践却奠定了后来国库复兴的基础。综观这一时期的财政管理机构的沿革可知,连续性、渐进性、经验性和灵活性是它的主要特点。     

辽、宋、金时期迁入高丽的中国移民

辽、宋、金时期复杂的政治、军事形势,迫使许多民户通过多种渠道迁移到邻近的高丽。高丽针对中国移民的接收与遣还采取了一些应变措施、制定了相关规定。迁移到高丽的农业和手工业者移民,按照集团聚落居住在归顺州等移民州县里。他们努力耕耘、辛勤劳作,承担居住国的租税和贡赋;传播先进的技术和制度文化,为高丽的发展做出了贡献。研究结果显示,古代东亚移民与该地区的国际关系变动紧密相关。移民不仅推动了经济、文化交流,而且还促成了不同民族的融合。     

《文史通义》中的比较方法

《史通》对比较方法的运用已经为人所熟知,而另一部史学理论经典著作《文史通义》中的比较思想却很少受到关注。事实上,《文史通义》不仅对比较方法有着普遍的运用,而且其比较思想十分深刻。书中的一些代表性理论几乎都出于自觉的比较,而比较的动力则来源于中国古代文化中深刻的“道”的观念。对此加以深入探讨,将有益于推进我们对中国古代史学思维方法独特性的认识。     

潘玉良油画修复保护

为抢救性修复保护我国著名旅法爱国女画家潘玉良众多的油画,选用欧洲的传统工艺和技法,采用与气候湿润的意大利、荷兰、日本等国家基本相似的材料,用整体托裱法等技法,并运用现代数码及电脑图片技术,对108幅油画进行修复。从列举的4个例子：《弹曼陀铃老人》、《新枝》、《南京夫子庙》、《黑白女人体》修复结果说明,修复后恢复了其原貌,效果良好,对类似工作具有示范意义。     

太平天国时期的李鸿章家族

太平天国崇敬上帝,反对儒学,兼及道、佛,形成了中西文化的激烈对抗.崇尚儒、释、道的李鸿章家族起而抵抗太平天国,父死子继,直至太平天国失败.有大量此类家族与太平天国对抗,是太平天国失败的原因之一.太平天国当然是一次阶级斗争,也明显地具有文化冲突的色彩.     

Nuclear Sisyphus: the myth of denuclearising North Korea

Is North Korea ready and willing to give up its nuclear weapons? Proponents of arms control and sustained engagement with North Korea maintain that Pyongyang's desire to acquire nuclear weapons stemmed from ingrained insecurity vis-à-vis the United States or more specifically, the threat that the US poses to fundamental regime security.

However, the primordial source of Kim Jong Il's existential insecurity stems largely from the abnormal, structural idiosyncracies of his regime and not, as many naively believe, the hardline policies of the Bush administration. Accordingly, the Kim Jong Il regime's fundamental dilemma boils down to the fact that the domestic political costs of giving up its nuclear capabilities are just as high as the costs of retaining them.

Debunking the myth that the US, rather than North Korea, poses the greater challenge to South Korean security is as important as ensuring that North Korea dismantles its nuclear arsenal.     

Government institutions and the dynamics of urban growth in China

Economic growth in China in recent decades has largely rested on the dynamism of its cities. High economic growth has coincided with measures aimed at improving the efficiency of local governments and with a mounting political drive to curb corruption. Yet the connection between government institutions and urban growth in China remains poorly understood. This paper is the first to look into the link between government efficiency and corruption, on the one hand, and urban growth in China, on the other hand and to assess what is the role of institutions relative to more traditional factors for economic growth in Chinese cities. Using panel data for 283 cities over the period between 2003 and 2014, the results show that the urban growth in China is a consequence of a combination of favorable human capital, innovation, density, local conditions, foreign direct investment, and city‐level government institutions. Both government quality—especially for those cities with the best governments—and the fight against corruption at the city level have a direct effect on urban growth. Measures to tackle corruption at the provincial level matter in a more indirect way, by raising or lowering the returns of other growth‐inducing factors.     

晚清中国"约定自开"商埠之开埠方式考析——以辽南安东为典型案例

"约定自开"商埠作为一种特殊的商埠类型,本身既有"自开"的因素,又有"约定"的成分,似乎是一个矛盾综合体,史学界对其属于何种开埠方式,历来争议不断。开埠方式的判定应遵循条约规定与开埠实践相结合的双重标准,由于不平等条约并未明确规定中外在"约定自开"商埠的权利与义务,开埠实践中的主权归属就成为判断其开埠方式的主要依据,可从行政权与司法权归属、关税主导权、租界问题三方面入手进行全面考量。安东作为该类商埠的典型代表,是中美商约谈判相互妥协的产物,依照上述标准可判定其开埠方式为"自开"。这为其他"约定自开"商埠之开埠方式的判定提供了合理模式,即开埠实践中的主权归属模式。对"约定自开"商埠之开埠方式进行考析,可从侧面反映出该类商埠的殖民程度。