A "lamentable failure"? The founding of Nightingale nursing in Australia, 1868-1884

Florence Nightingale's private assessment was that Lucy Osburn failed in her attempt to found Nightingale nursing in Australia. This assessment is directly at odds with those of historians who have unquestioningly accepted Osburn's success. An alternative narrative of the founding of Nightingale nursing in Australia is provided through examining why Nightingale thought Osburn failed. The judgment of failure had little to do with nursing practice or care. Nightingale's judgment was based on the personal characteristics she expected of the Nightingale nurse and her fear of public exposure of problems at the Nightingale School of Nursing at St Thomas's Hospital.     

Descartes' embodied psychology: Descartes' or Damasio's error?

Damasio (1994) claims that Descartes imagined thinking as an activity separate from the body, and that the effort to understand the mind in general biological terms was retarded as a consequence of Descartes' dualism. These claims do not hold; they are "Damasio's error". Descartes never considered what we today call thinking or cognition without taking the body into account. His new dualism required an embodied understanding of cognition. The article gives an historical overview of the development of Descartes' radically new psychology from his account of algebraic reasoning in the early Regulae (1628) to his "neurobiology of rationality" in the late Passions of the soul (1649). The author argues that Descartes' dualism opens the way for mechanistic and mathematical explanations of all kinds of physiological and psychological phenomena, including the kind of phenomena Damasio discusses in Descartes' error. The models of understanding Damasio puts forward can be seen as advanced version of models which Descartes introduced in the 1640s. A far better title for his book would have been Descartes' vision.     

对杨奎松教授关于《毛泽东传》书评的回应北大核心CSSCI

在杨奎松教授对我的《毛泽东传》的评论中有明显的缺点。可以将杨教授声称在我的书中文版书中发现的"错误"大致归为三类。首先,我的中文版本译者的翻译错误。我没有充分的时间检查全部中文翻译的质量。这是出版社的责任。第二,所谓的"错误"造成的事实,其实是杨教授误解了我的话,并把我没有说过的话归在我的身上。第三,所谓的"错误"造成的事实,归根结底是因为杨教授不了解我使用的资料的来源。     

美国进步主义视角下的1917年俄国革命北大核心CSSCI

在第一次世界大战前夕和战争期间,进步主义思想早已在美国得到发展,主要以拥护威尔逊总统内政方针的资产阶级改良主义者、右翼社会党人以及持更具批评性意见的左翼自由主义者为代表。在1917年俄国革命爆发后,进步主义各方代表们各持己见,表现出不同反应,这不仅在美国引发了对俄国革命的排斥,同时也激起了他们对俄国激进主义的必然性、有效性进行合理化理解的尝试,从而导致威尔逊政府在对俄政策的制定上发生了混乱局面,也对美国社会如何看待俄国革命的问题上产生了深远影响。     

“PUSH”,推动“共享遗产”理念的传播

<正>在多种族、政治色彩浓郁的地中海东部及沿岸诸国,《奈良真实性文件》和《巴拉宪章》成为当今制定遗产保护战略和促进各方交流的纲领性指导文件。大部分社会和政治背景复杂的历史遗址都涵盖了多元建筑价值观,大多数甚至所有相关方已基本认知并竭力保存这些价值观。上述建筑特性为遗址保护工作细节提出了挑战。与之相比,对"共享遗产"这一理念的阐释更具挑战性。"共享"旨在寻找一个公共平台,通过运用现代科技创造共有空间、强调共有特性以缓和不稳定的形势。"提升对‘共享遗产’的认知(Promoting the Understanding