Poppies for medicine in Afghanistan: lessons from India and Turkey

This study examines India and Turkey as case studies relevant to the Senlis Council’s ‘poppies for medicine’ proposal. The proposal is that Afghan farmers are licensed to produce opium for medical and scientific purposes. Here it is posited that the Senlis proposal neglects at least three key lessons from the Turkish and Indian experiences. First, not enough weight has been given to diversion from licit markets, as experienced in India. Second, both India and Turkey had significantly more efficient state institutions with authority over the licensed growing areas. Third, the proposal appears to overlook the fact that Turkey’s successful transition was largely due to the use of the poppy straw method of opium production. It is concluded that, while innovative and creative policy proposals such as that of the Senlis proposal are required if Afghanistan is to move beyond its present problems, ‘poppies for medicine’ does not withstand evidence-based scrutiny.     

Military morality transformed: weapons and soldiers on the nineteenth-century battlefield

The increased lethality of nineteenth-century “arms of precision” caused military formations to disperse in combat, transforming the ordinary soldier from a near automaton, drilled to deliver random fire under close supervision, into a moral agent who exercised a degree of choice about where, when, and how to fire his weapon. The emerging autonomy of the soldier became a central theme in contemporary tactical debates, which struggled to reconcile the desire for discipline with the individual initiative necessary on the battlefield. This tactical conundrum offers revealing insights about human aggression and mass violence. Its dark legacy was the propagation of military values into civilian society, thus paving the way for the political soldiers of the twentieth century.     

The Hellenic and Hippocratic origins of the spinal terminology

Numerous Hellenic terms have been gradually adopted during the development of modern medical science. Moreover, there are a significant number of words that derive directly from the Hippocratic texts. Hippocrates (ca. 460-ca. 377 BC), revered as the father of medicine, and his followers left behind a valuable heritage of medical knowledge that, practically, laid the foundations of Western medicine. Their theories, collected in Corpus Hippocraticum, transformed medicine by adding, mainly, clinical observation and inductive reasoning as significant parts of medical diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, Hippocratic writings have provided an invaluable heritage of medical terms for all medical fields. The present article examines the Hellenic and Hippocratic terminology referring to the spine and how this vocabulary has influenced and dominated upon modern spinal onomatology.     

禁区捕狗人

在日本大熊町,动物救援工作者浅沼圭（戴棒球帽者）和星礼雄支起烧烤炉,用随风飘散的烤肉香气把狗群引来,以便他们捕捉。这里距福岛第一核电站不到5公里,事故发生后辐射水平骤升,人们举家逃离,宠物纷纷被遗忘在这里。但许多人在离去后十分想念自己的宠物伴侣,当他们得知这批人（其中包括摄影师戴维·古滕费尔德）打算进入禁区寻找动物。纷纷把自己原来的住址告诉救援人员,希望他们帮助自己找到遗失的宠物。     

关于多民族社区发展的思考——以乌鲁木齐市天山区为例

乌鲁木齐是一个多民族聚居的城市,全市每条街道都有少数民族居住。本文通过对乌鲁木齐市天山区这种由多民族居住的社区较多的区为例,探索少数民族聚居社区发展中的问题,对城市多民族社区的和谐构建提出针对性的建议,这样可以为多民族社区的发展提供参考,也可以为民族、社区和城市的共同发展提供有益的借鉴。     

从印度奔逃

一旦回到西方世界——回到那个只把“虚幻”看成抽象观念、而不把它当作一种蚀骨铭心的感受的西方文化中,我就发觉,印度精神悄悄地从我身边溜走了。在我的感觉中,它就像一个我永远无法完整表达、从此再也捕捉不回来的真理。     

亚洲北部地区“水珠形”眼睛人面像岩画年代研究

"水珠形"眼睛的人面像岩画主要分布在中国北方、俄罗斯远东以及西伯利亚中南部地区。其产生于中国新石器时代文化早中期,经过若干发展阶段,并在新石器时代晚期向北境扩散。向东到达黑龙江下游和乌苏里江;向西通过外贝加尔、安加拉河到达叶尼塞河中游地区。西线人面像岩画的传播路线表明,在中西方的古代交通中,存在着一条比草原丝绸之路更为古老的森林岩画之路,其存在年代约为新石器时代晚期到铜石并用时代。     

在莫斯科为宋庆龄工作的两周

本文作者А．И．卡尔图诺娃系俄罗斯著名中国问题专家,俄罗斯科学院远东研究所学术顾问。1988年11月译者访问莫斯科时,她应约撰写了这篇回忆文章。