奥洛维扬纳亚火车站周围地区的中世纪墓葬遗存

按照现今已知的考古学遗存的数量,波诺涅是东外贝加尔地区占据首位中的一个。18世纪的科学考察队和19世纪末～20世纪初的热衷于地志学研究的人们都在这里进行过工作,基谢列夫考古考察队的工作人员和杰出的苏联考古学家奥克拉德尼科夫也都在这里进行过考察研究。     

东外贝加尔的中世纪焚尸葬墓及其民族文化的阐释

近年来,赤塔师范学院考古考察队对东外贝加尔地区的森林草原地带(音戈达河、石勒喀河流域,以及雅布洛诺夫山脉),进行的考察研究,提供了关于这一地区古代历史的新资料。其中公元1千纪末～公元第2千纪初的墓葬所提供的资料,具有特殊的意义,它能够确定关于当地的蒙古语族部落和通古斯语族部落同邻近的突厥语族部落之间的关系。因此于1980年发掘的这座焚尸葬墓具有重大的意义。该墓葬发现于雅布洛诺夫山脉的山脚下,位于赤塔市西北40公里的鲁切伊卡村附近。     

塔克拉玛干行纪（上）

塔克拉玛干行纪（上）Ｌ·路曼（一）长期以来,充满神秘色彩的塔克拉玛干大沙漠在我的心目中一直是个谜。好奇的心理,驱使我想有机会能身临其境,看看它的真面目。１９９５年１０月中旬,我应邀出席“中国西域楼兰学与中亚文明国际学术会议”。会议的通知中说,会后组织...     

Galen and the ventricular system

This paper examines the anatomy and physiology, together with the pathophysiology, of the ventricular system of the brain, as it was understood by arguably its greatest exponent in Western Antiquity, Galen. According to him, the purpose of the ventricles was to elaborate, store and distribute psychic pneuma, the motive force of Galenic neurology, throughout the nervous system. However, impressive as the delineation of the ventricular system is, the details of this distribution are not forthcoming from Galen. Finally, I discuss the ventricles as the site of intellect, a notion only tentatively advanced by Galen, but cast into dogma by his successors. For all the mistakes Galen made in anatomy and physiology, the study of the ventricular system reveals a mind not dissimilar to our own.     

The assumption of equilibrium in models of migration

In recent articles Evans (1990) and Harrigan and McGregor (1993) (hereafter HM) scrutinized the equilibrium model of migration presented in a 1989 paper by Schachter and Althaus. This model used standard microeconomics to analyze gross interregional migration flows based on the assumption that gross flows are in approximate equilibrium. HM criticized the model as theoretically untenable, while Evans summoned empirical as well as theoretical objections. HM claimed that equilibrium of gross migration flows could be ruled out on theoretical grounds. They argued that the absence of net migration requires that either all regions have equal populations or that unsustainable regional migration propensities must obtain. In fact some moves are inter- and other are intraregional. It does not follow, however, that the number of interregional migrants will be larger for the more populous region. Alternatively, a country could be divided into a large number of small regions that have equal populations. With uniform propensities to move, each of these analytical regions would experience in equilibrium zero net migration. Hence, the condition that net migration equal zero is entirely consistent with unequal distributions of population across regions. The criticisms of Evans were based both on flawed reasoning and on misinterpretation of the results of a number of econometric studies. His reasoning assumed that the existence of demand shifts as found by Goldfarb and Yezer (1987) and Topel (1986) invalidated the equilibrium model. The equilibrium never really obtains exactly, but economic modeling of migration properly begins with a simple equilibrium model of the system. A careful reading of the papers Evans cited in support of his position showed that in fact they affirmed rather than denied the appropriateness of equilibrium modeling. Zero net migration together with nonzero gross migration are not theoretically incompatible with regional heterogeneity of population, wages, or amenities.     

关于郑州商城商代人类遗骨的初步研究

郑州商城的发掘工作于1974年结束,这次清理出的包括在城墙以内的遗迹、遗物全部属于商代早期(即考古学上的二里岗时期)。发掘再次表明,二里岗时期的各阶层间的等级差别已极为鲜明的反映在青铜礼器和宫殿建筑群上。(张1980) 这种差别同样反映在商城中的墓葬上面。这次所发掘出的墓葬主要有一堆人类头盖骨和三个墓,这些头盖骨集中堆放在一个浅壕顶部,三具墓葬分开地散在四周其它地方,恢原时则被放在头盖骨堆积的附近。据张光直的推测(1980),这一壕沟所在地应该是当时的“政治宗权”经常性的祭祀场所对头盖骨最原始的记录是由河南省博物