晚唐五代宋时期敦煌石窟贤愚经变研究

敦煌石窟依据《贤愚经》绘制的故事画,在早期洞窟中就已经出现了,如第275、254、257、285、296等窟,这种现象一直延续到隋代。初唐至吐蕃占领时期,此类故事画在洞窟中消失。而到了晚唐五代宋时期,依据《贤愚经》绘制的屏风画出现在第85、98、108、146、55等洞窟壁画的下方,形成了完整意义上的贤愚经变。本文从艺术特色、内容取舍等方面对敦煌石窟中的贤愚经变进行了比较,并尝试分析贤愚经变入绘洞窟的原因及作用。     

Culture,emotional transnationalism and mental distress: family relations and well-being among Taiwanese immigrant women

Immigrant women's vulnerability to mental distress has been recognized in the literature and yet the socio-cultural causes of their distress have rarely been explored. On the basis of a case study of Taiwanese immigrants residing in Chicago, this article illustrates the dynamic contexts within which Taiwanese immigrant women's distress is produced at home and explains the social and cultural factors that engender the women's distress. In this article I argue that Taiwanese immigrant women frequently shift back and forth between Taiwanese and American cultural norms in an effort to apply effective behavioral guidance and justifications to interactions with their spouses, children and in-laws. The term ‘emotional transnationalism’ is used to describe the psychological experience associated with transnational cultural practices. Distress is often generated as these women struggle with feelings of ambivalence and contradictions that confront them in their search for cultural identities. The severity of distress is largely determined by the power hierarchies between women and those with whom they interact. Married women's status as subordinate to their in-laws creates more negative experiences than any other status.     

论西汉中期玉器风格的变化及其社会背景

西汉早中期玉器组合最大的区别之一在于装饰用玉器类和数量的消长。西汉早期装饰用玉在整个随葬玉器中占很大的比例,代表了当时玉器风格和工艺水平。西汉中期装饰用玉的数量和种类骤然减少,不但复杂的组玉佩消失,而且玉具剑饰数量也比早期少得多。分析和统计组玉佩和玉具剑饰数目、组合、出土位置及其造型、纹饰,是认识西汉早中期玉器变化的重要参考标准。西汉中期玉器风格的变化,对整个汉代玉器产生了深远的影响,汉代玉器的风格是在武帝时期形成的。     

大同北魏平城丝路遗珍

北魏定都大同短短百年(398-494年),逐渐统一了北方。随着各地区移民的迁入,平城地区显示了多种文化因素集聚的现象,主要有拓跋鲜卑本民族文化,十六国文化,东晋南朝文化,还有西域外来文明1。1970年,大同轴承厂发现的北魏遗址出土鎏金錾花银碗1件,鎏金高足铜杯3件,八曲银洗1件。1981年,大同小站村封和突墓出土狩猎纹银盘1件。1988年,大同     

French military officers and the mapping of West Africa: the case of Captain Brosselard-Faidherbe

Through the study of projects conceived to shape colonial space, this article aims to reconsider the motives and means of French colonial expansion in West Africa in the 1880s and 1890s. The Plan Faidherbe, designed by the Governor of Senegal in the 1860s, outlined a plan for eastward development, including a road and rail link between the Senegal and the Niger Rivers (and beyond, between Algeria and Sudan). The implementation of these routes of penetration called for a number of military-led topographic missions. The study of these missions and of the maps that were produced at the time reveal how such projects and their implementation were mediated by both cartographic and field practices. The case of Captain Henry Brosselard (1855-93), General Faidherbe’s son-in-law, is an interesting example because of the diversity of the missions he led and the extent of territory which he traversed and mapped. This case also shows how, in the course of a career, an officer could assume several different functions and come to conceive the process of building colonial territory from different perspectives. This paper questions a common view of the military as having a purely strategic vision of space as a field of conquest, a view which reserves a more development-oriented outlook for civil administrators and the business community. Indeed, Brosselard’s varied career somewhat blurs the conventional divide between civilians and soldiers, requiring us to reconsider accepted ways of categorising colonial actors.     

李渔的建筑装饰思想及现代启示

李渔作为“文人系之建筑思想”的代表人物之一,其建筑装饰思想主要体现在崇尚自然,重视环境;尊重个性,重在创新;强调实用与空间相宜;尚平淡雅致,忌奢华等诸方面。李渔的建筑装饰思想,是中国古代文人的人意识和情趣在建筑装饰上的集中反映,是对中国古代建筑装饰思想的发扬和光大,它对现代建筑装饰设计和施工,具有十分重要和现实的指导意义。     

浅谈语文教学中的情感体验

在语文教学中要注重情感体验,以唤起学生的主体意识,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,更好地落实新课标的要求。可以说,注重情感体验,语文教学就成功了一半,情感教育应是语文教学的生命。     

民初北京画坛的双子星座——姚华与陈师曾

民国初年,一批富有革新精神的南方画家客居北京,给因循守旧的北京画界带来一股新风。其中姚华和陈师曾并称"姚陈",被公认为北京画坛领袖。他们志同道合,互相影响,密切配合,并肩奋斗,在绘画创作、艺术理论和美术教育等领域都取得了卓著成就,为中国画的复兴和繁荣作出了重要贡献,堪称民初北京画坛的双子星座。     

Investigating experimental knapping damage on an antler hammer: a pilot-study using high-resolution imaging and analytical techniques

Organic (bone, antler, wood) knapping tools were undoubtedly a component of early human tool kits since the Lower Palaeolithic. Previous studies have identified pitting and the occasional presence of embedded flint flakes as important features for recognizing archaeological bone and antler percussors. However, no systematic protocol of analysis has been suggested for the study of this rare archaeological material. Here we present qualitative and quantitative results of a preliminary analysis of an experimental knapping hammer, using a novel combination of microscopy (focus variation optical microscope and scanning electron microscope), micro-CT scanning and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These imaging and analytical techniques are used to characterize use-damage from the manufacture of handaxes. This paper highlights the strengths and weakness of each technique. Use-wear on the working area included attritional bone loss, micro-striations and compaction of the outer layer of the antler matrix from repeated hitting of the beam against the sharp edge of the handaxe during knapping. Embedded flint flakes were also identified in the pits and grooves. This combination of high-resolution imaging techniques is applicable to fragile archaeological specimens, including those encrusted by sediment or encased in matrix.