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81.
82.
83.
Ian McAllister 《Australian journal of political science》2003,38(3):445-463
While the issue of refugees and asylum-seekers has preoccupied many European countries, until the November 2001 federal election Australia had largely been immune from the problem. In the election, border protection—combining the Tampa crisis with the ‘war against terrorism’—were central electoral issues. Analysis of the 2001 Australian Election Study shows that border protection cost Labor the election. Labor suffered defections to the Democrats and Greens over its position on refugees and asylum-seekers, and defections to the Coalition on terrorism. Negative public attitudes towards asylum-seekers rested on oppo sition to immigration, but also on a particular dislike of arrivals from the Middle East. By contrast, support for the ‘war on terrorism’ was based mainly on notions of fairness and democracy. Of the two border protection issues— asylum-seekers and terrorism—terrorism was the more important of the two in shaping the election outcome. If 11 September had occurred but the Tampa crisis had not, the Coalition would in all probability still have won the election. 相似文献
84.
Among the 1983 changes to the electoral rules for Australian Senate elections using the Single Transferable Vote (STV) was a new procedure for determining the transfer of vote surpluses. The adoption of this modified (‘inclusive’) Gregory method has tended to be overlooked in the literature, yet as this article shows—using both hypothetical and real-world examples—it incorporates an anomaly that could have significance for electoral outcomes. This has important implications not only with regard to whether the ‘correct’ candidate is elected, but also for wider social choice debates over the quasi-chaotic nature of STV. 相似文献
85.
Ian Gilligan 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(1):15-80
This paper presents a thermal model for the prehistoric origin and development of clothing. A distinction is drawn between
simple and complex forms of clothing, with broad implications for the interpretation of paleolithic technological transitions
and the emergence of modern human behavior. Physiological principles and paleoenvironmental data are harnessed to identify
conditions requiring simple, loosely draped garments and the more challenging conditions that demanded additional protection
in the form of complex garment assemblages. No actual clothing survives from the Pleistocene, yet the archaeological record
yields evidence for technological and other correlates of clothing—more evidence than is generally supposed. Major innovations
and trends in the distributions and relative frequencies of lithic and other tool forms may reflect the changing need for
portable insulation in the context of fluctuating ice age climates. Moreover, the nonthermal repercussions of complex clothing
can be connected with archaeological signatures of modern human behavior, notably adornment. Alternative models are less parsimonious
in accounting for the geographical and temporal variability of prominent technological and other behavioral patterns in association
with environmental change. 相似文献
86.
Daniel J. Wescott Kelly Brinsko Marina Faerman Stephanie D. Golda Jeff Nichols Mark Spigelman Bob Stewart Margaret Streeter Robert H. Tykot Ljuba Zamstein 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(4):283-305
In 2006 a cast-iron coffin was discovered in an unmarked burial plot in Lexington, Missouri. A multifaceted investigation
was conducted to provide historical documentation and possible identification of the individual. The coffin is an early Fisk
Patent Metallic Burial Case. Osteological analyses indicate that the skeletal remains belong to a 20 to 30 year old white
female who consistently ate an omnivorous diet with significant amounts of C4 plants or seafood. Rib morphology and her burial
garments suggest she frequently wore restrictive clothing. No gross skeletal pathological lesions or trauma were observed
except for a patch of reactive bone and an atypical pattern of bone remodeling on the visceral surface of the sixth rib. Subsequent
bacterial DNA analysis of the ribs and sternum indicate the presence of tuberculosis infection. Although not conclusive, multiple
lines of evidence are consistent with the skeletal remains representing Elizabeth (Triplett) Stewart who died in 1854 of pulmonary
tuberculosis. This multidisciplinary research significantly contributes to the local history of Lexington, Missouri and provides
a likely identification of the deceased individual for the Stewart Family. 相似文献
87.
A. Stewart Fotheringham 《Geographical analysis》2009,41(4):398-403
This article examines the relationship between spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity, two properties unique to spatial data. The property of spatial dependence has led to a large body of research into spatial autocorrelation and also, largely independently, into geostatistics. The property of spatial heterogeneity has led to a growing awareness of the limitation of global statistics and the value of local statistics and local statistical models. The article concludes with a discussion of how the two properties can be accommodated within the same modelling framework. 相似文献
88.
The military justice records of the Armies of Italy and theSambre and Meuse reveal that, despite their contrasting militaryfortunes during the campaigns of 1796–97, their experienceswere very similar in many respects. The records of the conseilsmilitaires of the year IV (1795–96) and the conseils deguerre of the following year reveal both conditions of servicein the two armies and the circumstances and attitudes that regulatedthe relationship between soldiers and civilians in Italy andGermany. The conseils de guerre, instituted to remedy the perceivedlaxity of the conseils militaires, operated on similar principlesto their much-maligned predecessors. Occasional instances ofexemplary severity apart, these conseils frequently mitigatedboth charges and sentences, reserving the full severity of thelaw for soldiers who were not present to receive punishment.The councils protected miscreant soldiers more effectively thanthey did vulnerable civilians, but they nonetheless affirmed,if only in principle, the idea that revolutionary warfare shouldbe contained within legal limits. 相似文献
89.
Maxime Aubert Ian S. Williams Katarina Boljkovac Ian Moffat Marie-Hélène Moncel Elise Dufour Rainer Grün 《Journal of archaeological science》2012
A Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP II) has been used to make high spatial resolution in situ micro-analyses of oxygen isotopes in fish otoliths, and teeth from fossil herbivores and a Neanderthal. Large intra-tooth variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (up to 9‰) were observed in the enamel of herbivores from the Neanderthal fossil site of Payre, consistent with preservation of seasonal cyclicity. The range of isotopic compositions observed in Neanderthal tooth enamel was much smaller (∼3‰), possibly the result of a longer enamel maturation time averaging out variability. An archaeological otolith from a Preceramic site in Northern Peru exhibited marked changes in δ18O over life, due either to the fish occasionally migrating from the sea to a lower salinity habitat, or to short-lived rises in sea water temperature. A fish otolith from Australia's Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area showed clear seasonal variations, but also a general trend towards isotopically heavier and more saline water, as indicated by higher δ18O and Sr/Ca values resulting from increased evaporation. The results of these case studies are compared to results of oxygen isotope analysis using more conventional methods and demonstrate the ability of the SHRIMP II to provide precise high spatial resolution in-situ oxygen isotope analyses of a variety of biogenic materials. This approach has major advantages over conventional methods. It can provide rapid, micro-scale isotopic analyses of sub-permil precision without the need for chemical preparation of the sample. 相似文献
90.
Why do policies fail? There are many answers to this question, and many ways of answering it. In this paper, we use the tools of policy framing and systems thinking to investigate two recent Australian examples of public policy failure, each involving a different policy milieu and time-span. We show that, in both these cases, unintended consequences arose because governments lost control of the implementation process while remaining politically accountable for the outcomes. We develop the concept of transmitted risk to show how this occurred. We argue that governments expose themselves to this kind of risk when they make policy decisions involving a combination of excessive incentives and poorly controlled third parties. 相似文献