Staging Battles: Representations of War in the Theatre and Festivals of the French Revolution

Prefiguring twentieth-century experiments, the French revolutionaries represented the war in which they were engaged after 1792 by staging military spectacles in the theatre and in civic festivals. Both plays and festivals were highly allegorical in nature, representing the war as a conflict between rival ideologies and providing stereotypical caricatures of enemy villains. Military plays won little acclaim from theatre critics, who objected to their implausibility and lack of originality. Audiences limited their enthusiasm to plays that brought romance and patriotism together. Allegorical representations spoke neither to the realities of war nor to the psychological needs of spectators. The involvement of soldiers in staging and witnessing military spectacles, however, underlines their significance in representing and helping to produce the nation-in-arms.

résumé:?Tout comme le font certains mouvements au vingtième siècle, les révolutionnaires français représentent la guerre dans laquelle ils se trouvent engagés au moyen de pièces de théâtre et de fêtes civiques. Dans ces spectacles allégoriques, avec leurs symboles et leurs personnages stéréotypés, la guerre prend l'aspect d'un conflit idéologique. Ces spectacles ne plaisent guère aux critiques dramatiques qui y désapprouvent le manque de vraisemblance et d'originalité. Quant aux spectateurs, eux, ils applaudissent seules les pièces où se trouvent à la fois la sentimentalité et le patriotisme. Les représentations allégoriques, divorcées des réalités de la guerre et sans rapport avec les conflits personnels occasionnés par le patriotisme, ne répondent pas à leurs besoins psychologiques. C'est surtout le fait que les soldats ont participé aux spectacles militaires qui fait que ces derniers doivent être reconnus comme ayant non seulement représenté mais aussi inspiré la nation en armes.     

Missing networks: The case of European freight transport

The concept of missing networks refers to the absence of strategic layers or components of Europe's transport and communications infrastructure which may be both material or immaterial in nature. The paper reviews some of the issues that need to be taken into account when dealing with these missing networks and shows how these can be resolved in practice with respect to European freight transport. It is argued that what is needed in this case is an inter‐modal perspective and a multi‐layer view of networks. Combined transport can be regarded as an efficient way of overcoming current limits by improving inter‐modal transit potential thereby enabling a much better use to be made of existing capacity.     

Book reviews

Nationalisms and Sexualities. A. Parker, M. Russo, D. Sommer & P. Yaeger (Eds), 1992. New York, Routledge. 384 pp., £40.00 hardback, £12.99 paperback. ISBN 0–415–90432–3 hardback, 0–415–90433–1 paperback.

Sexuality and Space. B. Colomina (Ed.), 1992. New York, Princeton Papers on Architecture, Princeton University School of Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press. 389 pp., $14.95 paperback. ISBN 1–878271–08–3.

Racialized Boundaries: race, nation, gender, colour and class and the anti‐racist struggle. F. Anthias & N. Yuval‐Davis, 1992. London, Routledge. 226 pp., £40.00 hardback. ISBN 0–415–01813–7.

Refusing Holy Orders: women and fundamentalism in Britain. G. Sahgal & N. Yuval‐Davis (Eds), 1992. London, Virago. 244 pp., £8.99 paperback. ISBN 1–85381–219–6.

Different Places, Different Voices: gender and development in Africa, Asia and Latin America. J. H. Momsen & V. Kinnaird (Eds), 1993. London, Routledge. 322 pp., £40.00 hardback, £12.99 paperback. ISBN 0–415–07538–6 hardback, 0–415–07563–7 paperback.

Gender, Development and Identity: an Ethiopian study. H. Pankhurst, 1992. London, Zed Books. 216 pp., £29.95/549.95 hardback, £12.95/$19.95 paperback. ISBN 1–85649–157–9 hardback, 1–85649–158–7 paperback.

‘Viva’: women and popular protest in Latin America. S.R. Radcliffe & S. Westwood (Eds), 1993. London, Routledge. 270 pp., £40.00 hardback, £12.99 paperback. ISBN 0–415–07312‐X hardback, 0–415–07313–8 paperback.

Seeking Common Ground: multidisciplinary studies of immigrant women in the United States. D. Gabaccia (Ed.), 1992. Westport, CT, Praeger. 272 pp., $55 hardback, $17.95 paperback. ISBN 0–313–27483–5 hardback, 0–275–94387–9 paperback.

The Women Outside: meanings and myths of homelessness. S. Golden, 1992. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press. 319 pp., $25.00 hardback. ISBN 0–520–07158–1.

The Transformation of Intimacy: sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. A. Giddens, 1992. Cambridge, Polity Press. 212 pp., £19.50 hardback. ISBN 0–7456–1012–9.

Situating the Self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics. S. Benhabib, 1992. Cambridge, Polity Press. 266 pp., £45.00 hardback, £11.98 paperback. ISBN 0–7456–0998–8 hardback, 0–7456–1059–5 paperback.

Made from this Earth: American women and nature. Vera Norwood, 1993. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press. 368 pp., $37.50 hardback, $17.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8070–2062–8 hardback.     

Public Goods and the Derivation of Land Value Assessment Schedules within a Spatial Equilibrium Setting

A method of mapping the classic economic public good into a spatial realm is identified. Within the spatial equilibrium land use model an ideal government distributes a public good; sets mill rates, assesses land, and collects property taxes; and maintains a balanced budget. Equilibrium is brought about within the household sector by the unfolding of the land value schedule both over space and in response to the public sector. The household and public sectors are mutually within a steady state when there is no excess demand or supply of public good. The model is extended to elucidate Tiebout's hypothesis that government activity is reflected in land values. Also, a criterion for judging fairness of the spatial equilibrium assessment schedule is presented and applied.     

Book reviews

Harvest of the Palm: ecological change in Eastern Indonesia, by James J Fox. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 1977; xv, 290pp, 19 plates, 10 tables, 11 maps and figs. £10.25.

MAN AND ENVIRONMENT IN EASTERN TIMOR

Man and Environment in Eastern Timor: A Geoecological Analysis of the Baucau‐Viqueque Area as a possible basis for Regional Planning by Joachim K Metzner. Development Studies Centre Monograph No 8, The Australian National University, Canberra, 1977, pp 380, Illus.

DR JIGGINS REPLIES Iwan Simatupang, The Pilgrim, translated by Harry Aveling, Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd, Writing in Asia Series, Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, 1975.

A SECOND OPINION

A SECOND OPINION

COMMENT ON DR JIGGINES’ REVIEW OF Man and Environment in the Eastern Timor

Iwan Simatupang, The Pilgrim, translated by Harry Aveling, Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd, Writing in Asia Series, Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, 1975.