South Korea's Meandering Path to Globalisation in the Late Twentieth Century

Globalisation, or segyehwa1 1. The system of romanisation for the South Korean language that is used in this article is the revised system proclaimed by the South Korean Ministry of Culture and Tourism in July 2000. Exceptions to the revised system are proper nouns – e.g. the names of the former presidents of South Korea and of jaebeol (chaebol) groups such as Samsung, Hyundai, Daewoo and Sunkyung. View all notes in Korean, has recently been the central theme in discussions of South Korean political economy, particularly in strategic policy-making discourses since the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis, which was triggered by the collapse of the Thai baht in 1997. The serious nature of the South Korean currency meltdown in 1997 resulted at first glance in a striking transition in the South Korean political economy from state-driven market and industrial policies, and a strong nationalist policy towards foreign capital (inflow of foreign direct investment), to a neo-liberal policy of globalisation. This article critically examines the paradoxical nature of Korea's globalisation efforts under three political regimes (February 1993–February 2008), as a response to new economic conditions embedded in the nature of developmental capitalism. The paper argues that South Korea's globalisation effort over the period has been highly pragmatic and selective in policy and regulations but has resisted embracing the principles of market-driven globalisation. South Korea's globalisation drive or segyehwa therefore appears only a temporary phenomenon rather than a carefully structured strategic policy.     

Resource‐Constrained Export‐Base Regional Multipliers: A Northian Approach*

Abstract. This paper attempts to rescue the regional export‐base growth model from a purely demand‐side interpretation. It formally develops the classic Northian approach, where the exploitation of region‐specific resources by export‐orientated production sectors determines regional growth. In this model, the nature of the regional expansion is shown to be stimulus‐specific with the value of the marginal export‐base multiplier varying within very wide limits, depending upon key characteristics of the region and the nature of the supply‐side shock to the export base.     

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis cases found in Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection of Korea

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a disorder showing hyperostosis of the spinal column and ossification of extraspinal ligaments or tendons. The prevalence of DISH has been found to be higher in historic peoples of the upper‐ and ruling classes, and in fact was closely correlative with nutritional and high‐caloric diets. DISH is also known to be a function of genetic factors; as such, there have been very few cases of DISH found among the specimens of Asian skeletal collections. In our osteoarchaeological study on the Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection (JDHSC), we found four DISH instances among the 96 cases (4.17%) we examined. This prevalence is not so different from those discovered in already‐published studies on collections in Europe and other regions. However, as already stated, it must be considered that most of the JDHSC individuals we examined were remains of people from the highest social classes of 16th–18th century Joseon society. Therefore, when collections from medieval European monastic sites, the appropriate control from well‐fed populations, were used for comparison, the prevalence of DISH was found to be far lower among the JDHSC. Reports on DISH from examinations of collections in Asian countries have been spotty, leaving gaps in the social‐strata spectrum. Further researches into the prevalence of DISH among the different social strata of ancient or medieval Asian peoples are still required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Popular consent and foreign policy choices: war against the Philippines and covert action in Chile

It is usually assumed that US policy makers need to generate popular consent in order to undertake regime change against another state. This article explores the ways in which contextual factors such as the joint democracy effect, popular values and public moods influenced efforts by elites in the United States to generate popular consent for regime change in the Philippines and Chile. Against the backdrop of the Vietnam War, the United States undertook covert action in Chile due to public recognition of the target state's democratic credentials and a public mood opposed to further military ventures. In contrast, the absence of a strong joint democracy effect, a national mood infused with romantic nationalism qua militarism and social Darwinism facilitated efforts by US elites to generate consent for the invasion and occupation of the Philippines. Subsequently, this article contributes to understandings of the domestic-level factors that influence foreign policy decisions.     

Experiments with moving children and digital cameras

Discussing an ethnography engaging 7–12-year-olds in digital filming and photography during school journeys in Helsinki, Finland, this article argues for an experimental attitude to participatory visual research with children. Such an attitude is inspired by science and technology studies, and seeks to open space for more situated styles of children's expression and participation by stressing the performative aspects of visual methods and media. Tracing out the unexpected ways in which children embodied digital cameras and shared them with friends, the article claims that experimentation invites researchers and participants alike to explore new modes of relating to one another and everyday practices, thereby drawing out the creative potential of methods and adjusting them better to empirical settings.     

Reliable p-Hub Location Problems in Telecommunication Networks

Hubs are critical elements of telecommunication and transportation networks because they play a vital role in mass traffic movement. The design of more reliable networks in hub-and-spoke systems is a critical issue because current networks, particularly many commercial Internet backbones, are quite vulnerable. In hub-and-spoke-type topologies, any malfunction at a hub may cause degradation of the entire network's ability to transfer flows. This article presents a new hub location problem, termed the reliable p-hub location problem , which focuses on maximizing network performance in terms of reliability by locating hubs for delivering flows among city nodes. Two submodels, the p-hub maximum reliability model and the p-hub mandatory dispersion model, are formulated. Based on hypothetical and empirical analyses using telecommunication networks in the United States, the relationship between network performance and hub facility locations is explored. The results from these models could give useful insights into telecommunication network design.     

Some Critical and Methodological Aspects of Shoreline Determination: Examples from the Baltic Sea Region

Coastal shorelines worldwide are generally unstable and changing. The study of the precise relation between any archaeological site and the shoreline at the time when the site was used is therefore complicated, but still often not met with appropriate methodological approaches. In this article, we test models based on phosphate analysis and discuss how they can be used to detect ancient shorelines. We propose that a model of increased and oscillating phosphate values at the former water level is considered reliable and useful in areas with advancing shoreline.