中葡有关澳门主权交涉内幕——从1862年条约换文到1887年条约谈判

澳门主权问题的提出主要是在中国鸦片战争失利以后。1862年条约是葡人居澳以来中葡两国签订的第一个条约。由于葡萄牙代表在议约中采取了欺诈手段,清政府未予批准。自1864年换约失败至1887年条约谈判之前的20余年时间里,葡萄牙为了以订立条约的形式达到“合法”占据澳门的目的,曾经串通列强及其驻京公使,多次与清政府进行交涉。     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

古代铁器腐蚀产物的结构特征

运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和穆斯堡尔谱分析方法,对河南渑池出土的T_1H_1∶250汉代铁斧表面腐蚀物进行了研究。提出了铁器文物抗腐蚀的原因在于表面氧化膜具有结构上的连续性、改密而不破损。铁器文物最理想的保存环境应该是碱性、干燥无水、无硫、氯等有害元素。     

Ethics of heritage: locating the punitive state in the historical penal landscape of Taipei

Research into prison tourism and prison heritage has not taken enough time to understand how historical change has left impacts in urban contexts, which sometimes continues even after the prisons are decommissioned. This paper discusses the punitive state in the context of the historical penal landscape of Taipei through an exploration of how an historical prison was designed, built, partially demolished, preserved and redeveloped under three political regimes. It draws attention to the neglected relationships between punishment, colonial modernity and heritage. Drawing on the literature of dissonant heritage and dark tourism it argues that the way in which the government erased the heritage and evicted squatters without regard for colonial histories and large-scale, post-war migration is yet another way of writing imprisonment into the landscape and ‘othering’ the punished. Furthermore, in tracing the place memories, both within and outside of the high prison walls, it demonstrates the possibilities offered by ethics of heritage, with which we may counter the culture of punishment in the remaking of cities.     

钱点与“他山”景区开发

明末清初,西南变乱,为坚守名节,钱邦芑弃官退隐于贵州余庆县,开辟"他山"与"柳湖"。钱邦芑的侄儿钱点继叔父之后不遗余力地对"他山"进行开发,将荒秃的他山打造成郁郁葱葱的如画景区。并一直坚守他山故园,直至终老,其间留下许多诗作。     

近年来国内德国史研究

近几年来;我国的德国史研究取得新的深化和拓展。本文从德国通史和宏观研究、古代中世纪至近代德国史研究、现当代德国史研究、德国对外政策史研究、德国统一问题研究等方面,综述2000—2005年国内学者发表的主要研究成果。     

唐敦煌县令宋素墓志再考——敦煌相关金石整理研究之二

唐敦煌县令宋素墓志,近年出土于陕西华阴,志石、志盖均保存完好。传世史籍及出土文献中有关唐初敦煌县令等任职人员的记载十分有限,根据志文我们可推算宋素担任敦煌县令的大致时间。通过对有纪年的唐初敦煌写卷进行梳理,可粗略了解宋素担任敦煌县令前后敦煌当地的社会状况。该墓志的发现不仅可补传世文献的不足,且或将有助于当前的敦煌学研究。     

宋代瓷业技术传播的几个问题

瓷业技术传播是古代手工业史上的一个常见的、却是容易被简单化的问题。我们在观察古代瓷器手工业遗存的时候,经常会注意到甲乙两地某些技术因素的相似性,比如瓷器釉色、造型或装饰的类同,或装烧工艺与窑炉建造方式的近似。这些显而易见的事实往往使人联想到古代窑场之间的技术交流。但是透过瓷业遗存本身,洞察其背后隐藏的人的生产与精神活动,了解技术交流完成的过程,以及社会变迁的信息,却是一件不容易的事情。已有的关于瓷业技术交流的研究,多停留在对瓷业遗存本身的描述与比较上,尽管也有学者从梳理手工业制度入手,     

灵寿故城附近发现早期直刀币

中山国灵寿故城附近最近零星发现有所谓“直刀”币①,对于探索有关问题很有帮助。现简要报道如下:1.2005年10月初,在灵寿县古城村(灵寿故城东约6华里)发现罐装钱币,内装刀币21枚,多残断。我们见到完整的9枚,通长在142—147mm之间,多为15—16g,有3枚重13—13.5g。绿锈。正面柄部均有1条线,背部平素。脊背郭线与柄部郭线上下贯通。背弧。刃部有郭(图一、图二,插二下)。详细数据见下列表格。2.2002年,在灵寿县冈北村南(灵寿故城北约2华里)发现刀币2枚(可能出自墓葬)。绿锈。一枚刃部稍残,未见郭线,柄部正面1条线,背面平素,脊背郭线与柄部郭线上…     

试析罗诉韦德案及其影响

美国20世纪60年代此起彼伏的群众运动为罗诉韦德案奠定了政治基础。1973年美国联邦最高法院在罗诉韦德案中做出具有划时代意义的判决,德克萨斯州禁止堕胎的法律违宪;妇女有决定生育的宪法权利,堕胎是妇女的隐私权。罗诉韦德案在道德上引发一场旷日持久的胎儿“生命权”与妇女堕胎“选择权”之争,在政治上民主党和共和党分别持赞成和反对堕胎的立场,堕胎问题影响到美国社会生活的方方面面。