中国环境史研究的新亮点——清代中国生态环境特征及其区域表现国际学术研讨会综述

随着世界环境问题的日益严重,生态环境已成为全人类关注的头等问题之一,环境史也愈加成为学者们研究的热点,为历史学研究提供了一个新思维。2006年8月5日至8日,由陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心、国家清史编纂委员会典志组、青海师范大学人文学院合作主办的"清代生态环境特征及其区域表现国际学术研讨会"在青海西宁召开,有16个城市的23个高等院校与科研院所的     

基于灰色关联分析的旅游景区顾客满意度测评研究

市场的竞争力来自于顾客的满意度.文章在总结顾客满意度相关研究进展的基础上,分析了现行顾客满意度主要测评方法的不足;运用灰色关联分析,以桂林5个4A级景区为例对旅游景区顾客满意度进行了测评,并分别对5个景区的优势和不足进行了深入分析.最后提出了运用灰色关联分析进行旅游景区顾客满意度测评时应该注意的3个问题.     

试论数据采集与虚拟修复在大足石刻修复中的应用

文物作为一种不可再生的宝贵资源,其本体上的保护修复工作均需慎之又慎,需遵循国际上规定的“最小干预”及“可逆性”基本原则.为此,虚拟修复成为对文物动手修复时的重要辅助手段.然而,多数文物具有复杂立体结构和色彩,传统的虚拟修复技术难以实现逼真效果.三维激光扫描是近年来飞跃发展的一项高新测绘与信息技术,具有无损、空间精度高、速度快等突出优势,在文物数字留存及相关保护应用中发挥了重要作用.三维激光扫描技术与高清摄影技术相结合,为文物的虚拟修复带来新的契机.本文结合文物虚拟修复基本需求分析,提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的文物虚拟修复关键技术与工作流程,并以国家一号石质文物保护工程——大足石刻宝顶山千手观音造像的保护修复为例,进行了应用实践,综合历史资料和现有数据的分析,实现了三维形态及色彩的虚拟修复.结果表明,基于三维扫描的虚拟修复能够提供更为逼真的三维虚拟修复模型,供修复专家研究参考.     

青铜器的X-荧光不破坏分析方法研究

不破坏分析法是文物保护和考古研究中最有希望的一种方法。X-荧光不破坏分析法已广泛用于多种合金的分析,但在国内把这种技术应用在古青铜的分析还不多,已发表的工作还是以放射源激发为主。由于放射源强度的限制,对小含量组分(例如含量为千分之一以下)分析还存在一定困难。X 射线管激发可进行小岔量组分的分析.但由于轫致辐射引起的高本底.影响了灵敏度的提高.采用 X-射线结合二次靶激发,通过对青铜标样的研究.以降低本底.提高方法灵敏度.并与放射源激发的结果进行了比较。     

1959年革命前古巴蔗糖业的发展及其影响

19世纪中叶,古巴蔗糖业为了解决自身的危机,通过对土地、劳动力、资金和社会结构的重新组合,使古巴资本主义经济获得了新的动力,取得了飞速的增长。但是,这种增长并没有使古巴成为现代化国家,而是将古巴变成“假发展”的国家,其特点是：有经济增长无全面的社会发展;对蔗糖业、对外贸易和美国市场产生了严重的依赖性。     

清代莫晋绢本书法立轴的科学分析

上海博物馆藏清代进士莫晋(1761—1826)书法立轴(145 cm×50 cm),画芯为绢本。绢表面被红色涂层覆盖,上面有云纹、蝙蝠纹和"寿"字纹等手绘花纹,加工方式特殊。为科学保护这件文物,采用了视频显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和高光谱等无损(微损)检测技术对文物材料及制作方法进行研究。结果表明,该件文物用绢组织结构稀疏,背面采用三桠皮纸托裱;将铅白染色涂于绢表面进行加工,再采用高岭土和银粉绘制云纹、蝙蝠等;同时对文物模糊印章进行了有效提取。该研究结果为后续保护修复提供了科学依据。     

汉代陶俑彩绘颜料表征分析

为了建立汉代彩绘工艺、彩绘颜料等方面的数据库,为跨地域横向对比研究及彩俑的中长期保护和博物馆展出提供科学依据,本研究利用MINLTA CR-300色度仪、X—Rite Spectrodensitometer密度仪、XTL系列显微镜分析方法,对汉代陶俑彩绘6种颜料层61个样品的色度数据和5件陶俑残片颜料密度值的分布范围和表面显微结构信息特征进行了系统的分析测试。在大量色度数据的收集分析基础上,构建球体色度容差评估模型。球体色度容差评估结果表明,黑色样品保存较为完好,橙红色色度腐蚀现象严重,橙红色陶俑样品较其他样品分布均匀。颜料密度分析表明,橙红色陶俑腿残片保存状况相对较好,表面的颜料层较均匀且致密。显微分析发现,5％B72乙醇体系对表面颜料加固中,B72加固剂的分散性好,颜料表面无明显变化,在陶俑彩绘颜料保护过程中,B72-乙醇体系是可以选择的。     

Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) conodonts from the Goldwyer Formation of the Canning Basin,Western Australia

Zhen, Y.Y., Normore, L.S., Dent, L.M. & Percival, I.G., 11 July 2019. Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) conodonts from the Goldwyer Formation of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 44, 25–55. ISSN 0311-5518

Middle Ordovician conodonts attributed to 46 species were recovered from a stratigraphic interval spanning the Willara, Goldwyer and Nita formations in core sections from the Sally May-2 and Theia-1 petroleum exploration wells in the Canning Basin, Western Australia. The Histiodella serrata, Histiodella holodentata and Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus biozones are recognized in the lower and middle part of the Goldwyer Formation, indicative of an early–middle Darriwilian age. This revised conodont biostratigraphy enables more precise correlation with North America and North and South China. Several biogeographically distinctive conodont species, most likely of North Chinese origin, are recorded from the Goldwyer Formation. Their presence signals a strong palaeobiogeographic connection between the Sino-Korean Craton and the Canning Basin on the western margin of eastern Gondwana during the late Middle Ordovician.

Y.Y. Zhen* [yong-yi.zhen@planning.nsw.gov.au], W.B. Clarke Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of New South Wales, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry NSW 2753, Australia; L.S. Normore [leon.normore@dmirs.wa.gov.au]; L.M. Dent [louisa.dent@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, Mineral House, Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia; I.G. Percival [ian.percival@planning.nsw.gov.au], W.B. Clarke Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of New South Wales, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry NSW 2753, Australia;     

Geographically Weighted Cox Regression for Prostate Cancer Survival Data in Louisiana

The Cox proportional hazard model is one of the most popular tools in analyzing time-to-event data in public health studies. When outcomes observed in clinical data from different regions yield a varying pattern correlated with location, it is often of great interest to investigate spatially varying effects of covariates. In this paper, we propose a geographically weighted Cox regression model for sparse spatial survival data. In addition, a stochastic neighborhood weighting scheme is introduced at the county level. Theoretical properties of the proposed geographically weighted estimators are examined in detail. A model selection scheme based on the Takeuchi’s model robust information criteria is discussed. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to examine the empirical performance of the proposed methods. We further apply the proposed methodology to analyze real data on prostate cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry for the state of Louisiana.     

Physics-based Simulation and High-fidelity Visualization of Fire Following Earthquake Considering Building Seismic Damage

This work proposes a framework for the physics-based simulation and high-fidelity visualization of fire following earthquake (FFE) considering building seismic damage. The seismic damage of regional buildings is simulated using multiple degree-of-freedom building models in conjunction with nonlinear time-history analysis. In parallel, a high-fidelity visualization is presented to simulate fire spread and smoke effects. A case study of downtown Taiyuan with 44,152 buildings is performed. The results show that the influence of different ground motions and building seismic resistances on fire ignition and fire spread can be taken into account and that the FFE scene can be displayed realistically.