早期楚文化探索中的几个问题

本文就早期楚文化探索中紧密相关而亟待解决的早期楚国与楚族、早期楚都、楚式鬲及早期楚文化面貌、性质等问题进行了学术史的回顾与思考,就今后早期楚文化探索的思路与方法提出了几点建议。     

历史时期武陵山区丹砂产地分布及其变迁

历史时期武陵山区丹砂产地的分布经历了由产地不具体,到产区形成、迅速扩展及小有扩展的历史过程;产区数量从有明确记载的秦汉魏晋南北朝至隋的1州,到唐宋增至7州,至元明清再增为8州;产区中心从秦汉魏晋南北朝至隋朝的今渝东南,至唐宋转移到今湘西地区再到明清又转移至今黔东北地区。武陵山区丹砂产地分布的历史变迁,从一个侧面反映了当时本区丹砂生产的历史进程。丹砂产地分布变迁是多种因素共同作用的结果,如丹砂资源的主导,社会经济的发展,交通和商贸,以及丹砂勘探和开采技术的影响等。     

Morphometric Analysis of Sus Remains from Neolithic Sites in the Wei River Valley,China, with Implications for Domestication

Size variation of Sus remains within and between sites is examined for the Neolithic sites in the Wei River valley in China. The coefficient of variation [V] for pig measurements at the sites of Wayaogou, Quanhucun and Jiangzhai was calculated, and we observed patterns that show evidence of two populations of different‐size pigs, supporting the likelihood that both wild and domestic pigs were present. Also, size reduction of pigs can be traced within the Neolithic‐early Bronze Age archaeo‐faunal sequence of the Wei River valley. This size reduction was accompanied by an increase of coefficients of variation through the Neolithic. Both of these trends were probably the consequences of pig domestication, and the morphometric differences probably provide evidence for the different stages of pig domestication in this region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东周燕文化与周边考古学文化的关系研究(下)

东周时期燕国的考古学文化,发展出具有其自身特色的文化内涵。东周燕文化的存在和发展,与其周边诸考古学文化息息相关,既有时周边考古学文化的文化因素吸收,也从不同程度上对周边考古学文化产生了影响。     

Impacts of Spatial Autocorrelation in Georeferenced Beta and Multinomial Random Variables

The literature is replete with acknowledgments that spatial autocorrelation (SA) inflates the variance of a random variable (RV), and that it also may alter other RV distributional properties. In most studies, impacts of SA have been examined only for the three most commonly used distributions: the normal, Poisson (and its negative binomial counterpart), and binomial distributions; much less is known about its effects on two other RVs that are utilized in GIScience research: the beta and the multinomial. The beta distribution—which is considered to be very flexible because it can mimic a uniform, exponential, sinusoidal, and normal RV—can be utilized to analyze the radiance of a remotely sensed image, for example. The multinomial distribution, a generalization of the binomial distribution, has been widely used for land use classification, and to describe land use change. The literature also suggests that RV impacts of negative SA, a neglected topic in spatial analysis, may differ from those of positive SA, at least for some RVs (e.g., the Poisson RV). The purpose of this article is to extend the investigation of effects of SA to beta and multinomial RVs, with both positive SA and negative SA assessed and contrasted with each other, using simulation experiments. The simulation experiments are designed to support this assessment. One of the major discoveries is that impacts of positive SA and negative SA behave similarly when a RV conforms to a normal distribution; however, maximum negative SA is unable to materialize for asymmetric RV, whereas positive SA always converges upon its maximum.     

曾公(田求)编钟铭文初步释读

2019年,随州枣树林曾国贵族墓地M190出土的曾公(田求)编钟与同墓地出土曾侯與编钟、嬭加编钟铭文可以互相印证,内容非常重要。本文对该编钟铭文进行释读和初步的注释,考订出编钟年代在公元前646年。文章指出曾国的爵称为侯,但是因为曾公(田求)重新得到了周王室的册命,取得了"公"的爵命。文章还利用铭文资料重新探讨了曾国疆域等问题。     

特制绢地书画作品修复——以清代莫晋绢本书法立轴为例

特制绢地书画作品的修复历来是一大难题,因困于材料的特殊性与稀缺性,如寻觅不到同类补绢,就较难实现理想的修复效果。清代莫晋绢本书法立轴的画心材质为一种经过涂布、染色、描绘等工艺制成的特制绢本,因保存不当,画心已出现严重断裂残缺、部分涂层填料脱落等劣化现象,亟需修复保护。但画心用绢的质地和颜色特殊,无法找到与之接近的补绢。本次修复通过对绢的表面涂层进行检测分析,并参阅传统纸张再加工材料的检测报告和研究文献,再结合对材料的老化实验等,确定将瓷土和高岭土按一定比例混合来代替原涂层中的铅白作为本次修复的涂布材料。最后通过对修补涂层的全色,取得较为理想的修复效果。     

Pig domestication and husbandry practices in the middle Neolithic of the Wei River Valley,northwest China: evidence from linear enamel hypoplasia

Linear enamel hypoplasia is a physical deficiency occurring during the process of enamel formation and it is visible on the crowns of mammal teeth. It can be used to trace physical stresses during life. In this study, linear enamel hypoplasia in samples of pigs from three Neolithic sites in the Wei River valley (China) were recorded and analysed, to investigate the status of pigs at these sites, their living conditions, and furthermore to explore husbandry strategies for pigs during the Neolithic in the valley. The results suggest a domesticated status for pigs in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age. Also the frequency of LEH occurrence for the pigs corroborates a presumed intensification processes of pig husbandry, and the presence of environmental fluctuations during the period are considered. Some evidence also points to the fact that for pig, spring farrowing was the most common reproductive strategy in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age in this region.     

陕西横山县大古界遗址动物遗存分析

大古界遗址位于陕西榆林市横山县雷龙湾乡沙峁村张油坊组,2010年发掘时出土了大量的动物遗存。按照出土单位对所有的动物骨骼进行了科学的收集以及分类、测量和鉴定。通过系统的分类和研究表明至少代表12个属种,包括蚌类、喜鹊、鹤、草兔、狗、貉、狗獾、黄鼬、猪、鹿科、狍、绵羊等。根据对出土动物骨骼的分析结果表明:当时遗址周围的环境以草原为主,不远处有一定面积的疏林、灌丛,草原、疏林间分布着一定面积的水域。家养动物猪和狗占的比例较少,主要以捕猎野生动物野兔和狍子为肉食来源。