Großflächiger Einzelhandel in der Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg

Kurzfassung Gegenw?rtig wird die seit 1996 bestehende gemeinsame Landesplanung in den L?ndern Berlin und Brandenburg inhaltlich neu ausgerichtet. Die damit verbundene überarbeitung von Regelungen zur raumordnerischen Steuerung bei der Ansiedlung gro?fl?chigen Einzelhandels geschieht unter Berücksichtigung von Ergebnissen aller im Jahre 2006 analysierten gro?fl?chigen Einzelhandelseinrichtungen ab 700 Quadratmetern Verkaufsfl?che sowie von Erkenntnissen aus einer gleichzeitigen repr?sentativen Kundenbefragung zum Einkaufsverhalten. Nach dem bis etwa 2000 festzustellenden fast explosionsartigen Zuwachs an gro?fl?chigem Einzelhandel anfangs vor allem auf der „Grünen Wiese“, ist es in den Folgejahren zu einer relativen Konsolidierung des Bestandes und zu einer verst?rkten Hinwendung zu innerst?dtischen Standorten gekommen. Obwohl sich damit insgesamt die Verkaufsfl?che in Brandenburg seit 1990 vervierfachte und im Ostteil Berlins verdreifachte, liegt die durchschnittliche Versorgungsdichte (Gesamtverkaufsfl?che des Einzelhandels je Einwohner) in allen Teilr?umen der Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg im Jahre 2006 weiterhin unter dem bundesdeutschen Mittelwert und unter den Werten anderer deutscher Metropolregionen. Die Analyse der Bestandserfassung widerlegt landl?ufige Auffassungen von einer „Schieflage“ zwischen Berlin und seinem Umland sowie einem damit verknüpften Kaufkraftentzug. Andererseits wurden jedoch bei der Verkaufsfl?chenausstattung sowohl innerhalb Brandenburgs zwischen den Kreisen als auch innerhalb Berlins zwischen den Bezirken regionale Disparit?ten deutlich. In Auswertung einer repr?sentativen Telefon- und Kundenbefragung an ausgew?hlten Einkaufszentren lassen sich g?ngige Fehleinsch?tzungen zur Einkaufsorientierung und zu den Einzugsbereichen gro?er Shopping Malls nicht aufrechterhalten. Beispielsweise bevorzugen über zwei Drittel der Bev?lkerung in Berlin und Brandenburg auch bei Artikeln des periodischen Bedarfs meist Einkaufszentren in ihrem n?heren Wohnumfeld, was auch als Indiz für die zum Ausdruck gebrachte Zufriedenheit mit der jeweiligen Versorgungssituation gewertet werden konnte.     

The Mail-Coach Revolution: Landmarks in Travel in Germany Between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries

The mailcoach, more than any other mode of transport, has beenromanticized and portrayed as the epitome of old-fashioned travelfor Mr and Mrs Average. This idyllic picture dates from thegrowth of railway travel, which for ever altered perceptionsof earlier travelling patterns. In fact, before the coming ofthe railways things were very different. The introduction oftimetabled ordinari mailcoaches from the seventeenth centuryonwards brought about a transport revolution of entirely newproportions. The mail coaches were rapid, comfortable and reliable,and they brought about a new understanding of space and time.The expansion of travel enabled by the mail coaches opened thedoor to other new patterns of thought: the Enlightenment, andthe emancipation of ordinary people from the restrictions offeudal society. This new mode of transport reached its apotheosisin the early nineteenth century with the introduction of theexpress coaches and the rapid postal coaches. The overarchingprinciple, however, is that as the centuries pass, revolutionsin structures and infrastructures are the determining factorin enabling society to pass cultural milestones.     

Postcards from Heaven: Critical Geographies of the Cold War Military–Industrial–Academic Complex

Abstract: This article examines a little‐known project funded by the US Air Force and CIA, and carried out by communications scientists at the University of Washington during the early 1950s. Project Revere sought to investigate how the seemingly humble information leaflet could be deployed, via air drops, as a “flexible weapon” to spark “interpersonal communications” and spread rumours throughout particular target populations. While the testing ground for these aerial experiments was the northwest United States (Washington State, Utah, Idaho), Revere scientists were aware that their work would find particular application in supporting America's Cold War activities overseas, not least in the Korean peninsula. At the same time, however, the Revere tests were implicated in the intensification of domestic anxieties as leaflets dropped over rural Washington State and Utah mobilised issues of civil defence, emergency procedures and warnings about “enemy bombers”. In this way, we suggest that Revere corresponded with, and heightened, efforts by national and local governments to mobilise citizens into a Cold War “call to arms”.     

The true ‘EURESCO’? The Council of Europe,transnational networking and the emergence of European Community cultural policies, 1970–90

Abstract

The roots of EU action in the field of culture lie in the 1970s. At the time, the Council of Europe (CoE), the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and other organizations were already established players in the field. This article analyses the incremental and often haphazard process in which the European Community (EC) became the key organization at the European level by the end of the Cold War. It stresses the role of the EC’s specific governance structure, its considerable financial resources, and its objectives of market integration and expanding powers as drivers of this process, along with selective forms of adaptation of practices first tried out in other forums. Besides scrutinizing general tendencies of inter-organizational exchange during the 1970s and 1980s, the article zooms in on two concrete case studies. For the 1970s, it highlights the debates about cultural heritage and the European Architectural Heritage Year (EAHY) project: although initiated by the CoE, the EAHY became one of the first cases of EC policy import, strongly facilitated by transnational networks. The second case study, for the 1980s, deals with the development of a European audio-visual policy. Here again the CoE took the lead and worked as a laboratory for schemes later adapted by the EC.     

A Probable Case of Acute Childhood Leukemia: Skeletal Involvement,Differential Diagnosis,and the Bioarchaeology of Cancer in South America

Cancer involves a complex spectrum of disease conditions. However, cancer has received relatively limited attention in paleopathology and bioarchaeology as it is infrequently encountered in the skeletal record, and its differential diagnosis in dry bone remains challenging. Of all neoplastic disorders, one of the most infrequently described forms in ancient skeletons is leukemia, or the myeloproliferative neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system affecting bone marrow and blood. This case study describes and interprets a suite of lytic and proliferative lesions in the skeletal remains of an Early/Middle Colonial‐era child (ca. A.D. 1533–1620) excavated at the ruins of Eten, southwestern Lambayeque Valley Complex (north coast of Peru). A secondary burial contained the incomplete postcranial remains of a 5–6 year‐old child whose bones were characterized by abnormal porous loci in the right clavicle, scapulae, long bones of the upper limb, ribs, and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, fine areas of new bone formation were present on the clavicle and ribs. Multiple pathological conditions were evaluated in a differential diagnosis, including taphonomic changes and various bone resorbing and forming disorders. The lesions are most consistent with acute childhood leukemia and represent the first of its kind described in Andean South America. The identification of this condition helps focus research questions involving the bioarchaeology of cancer in the Andes, especially regarding the significance of neoplastic disorders in relation to the broader reconstruction of past human health in Peru. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.