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961.
Amy Gazin-Schwartz 《Archaeologies》2012,8(3):366-375
The connections between archaeology and traditions or folklore may be thought of as a dance, in which archaeological traces complement or constitute elements of folklore, and traces of folklore complement and constitute archaeological interpretation. On the other hand, archaeology and folklore may engage in competition about the “true” past(s). In this paper I will explore the tensions between these perspectives, and the tensions between archaeology and many forms of folklore. 相似文献
962.
963.
Optical dating of alluvial deposits at the orogenic front of the andean precordillera (Mendoza,Argentina) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silke Schmidt Sumiko Tsukamoto Eric Salomon Manfred Frechen Ralf Hetzel 《Geochronometria》2012,39(1):62-75
Well constrained numerical ages of alluvial fan sediments are key to understanding the chronology of alluvial episodes and
tectonic activity at the front of the Andean Precordillera. We tested the application of radiocarbon and optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) dating in the distal part of an alluvial fan five kilometers north of Mendoza. For OSL dating a large number
of aliquots (n > 70) — each composed of ∼50 quartz grains — were measured in order to obtain reliable burial ages despite
scattered dose distributions. Owing to a feldspar contamination in all samples, an infrared stimulation was inserted before
each OSL measurement, which reduced the feldspar OSL signal successfully. By using the minimum age model we obtained stratigraphically
consistent burial ages of alluvial deposits in a depth profile. The uppermost ∼1 m of sediment is composed of debris flow
deposits buried 770±76 years ago. Three plant remnants used for radiocarbon dating from the same layer, however, yielded ages
younger than 350 years, which are interpreted to underestimate the depositional age. Underneath the debris flow, a major unconformity
cuts a series of distal alluvial fan sediments with interstratified floodplain deposits, which are composed of sandy and calciterich
silt layers, respectively. Three samples from this unit which were distributed over one meter of sediment thickness yielded
statistically concordant OSL ages of 12.3±1.2 ka, 12.3±1.2 ka, and 11.7±1.1 ka. The deposition of these sediments during the
latest Pleistocene coincides with a phase of cool and humid climate, which occurred before the alluvial fan propagated farther
into the foreland. The overlying debris flow sediments are associated with alluvial fan incision during the arid Late Holocene. 相似文献
964.
Daniel Rufer Edwin Gnos Ralph Mettier Frank Preusser Guido Schreurs 《Geochronometria》2012,39(1):48-56
The application of luminescence dating to young volcanic sediments has been first investigated over three decades ago, but
it was only with the technical innovations of the last decade that such analyses became viable. While current analytical procedures
show promise for dating late Quaternary volcanic events, most efforts have been aimed at unconsolidated volcanic tephra. Investigations
into direct dating of lava flows or of non-heated volcanoclastics like phreatic explosion layers, however, remain scarce.
These volcanic deposits are of common occurrence and represent important chrono- and volcanostratigraphic markers. Their age
determination is therefore of great importance in volcanologic, tectonic, geomorphological and climate studies. In this article,
we propose the use of phreatic explosion deposits and xenolithic inclusions in lava flows as target materials for luminescence
dating applications. The main focus is on the crucial criterion whether it is probable that such materials experience complete
luminescence signal resetting during the volcanic event to be dated. This is argued based on the findings from existing literature,
model calculations and laboratory tests. 相似文献
965.
Martin J. Smith Paul Kneller Denise Elliott Christine Young Harry Manley David Osselton 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):75-89
This article presents a multidisciplinary analysis of a human skull with preserved soft tissue curated by a small museum in
Boscastle, Cornwall, UK. The skull lacks a mandible and is coated in a black tar-like substance. Records left by a previous
museum curator (now deceased) claimed the skull to be the head of a medieval execution victim. The skull was purportedly recovered
from a London church that was destroyed during the Second World War where it had been kept in a carved oak box. If these details
are correct, the skull would appear to have been venerated as a relic. The skull and box have been analysed using a range
of techniques including computerised tomography, laser scanning, microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and radiocarbon dating.
These analyses demonstrated the skull in fact to be that of an Egyptian mummy dating from the Ptolemaic period. Other instances
have been noted of parts of Egyptian mummies being presented as European saintly relics, and the ‘Boscastle skull’ would appear
to be an example of such. A wider point illustrated by the work presented here is that sufficient application of modern analytical
techniques may reveal considerable information regarding human remains which otherwise have little or no provenance. This
point strengthens arguments for the retention of such remains by curating institutions. 相似文献
966.
Lu Allington-Jones 《考古杂志》2013,170(2):273-296
In 1911, an eminent amateur prehistorian pulled the broken end of a pointed wooden shaft from Palaeolithic-age sediments at a seaside town in Essex. This artefact, still the earliest worked wood to be discovered in the world, became known as the Clacton spear. Over the past one hundred years it has variously been interpreted as a projectile weapon, a stave, a digging stick, a snow probe, a lance, a game stake and a prod to ward off rival scavengers. These perspectives have followed academic fashions and as the popular views of early hominins have altered. Since discovery, the Clacton spear has also been replicated twice, has undergone physical transformations due to preservation treatments, and has featured in two public exhibitions. Within this article the changing context of the spear, its parallels, and all previous conservation treatments and their impacts are assessed. 相似文献
967.
Based on a high resolution regional climate model (RCM) experiment, a climate change scenario for Scotland for the end of this century is constructed with the aim of exploring the added value of utilising a regional rather than a global model (GCM) for climate change scenario construction. Spatial variations in regional seasonal average temperature and precipitation change are analysed and the local response of ‘extreme’ weather events to climate warming is assessed using daily model output. The analyses suggest that in comparison with the GCM, the RCM does not provide fundamentally different patterns of seasonal climate change and daily weather response over Scotland, although it does capture more subtle spatial variations in these changes. The RCM also simulates more realistic daily weather events than the GCM, although the relative changes in the frequencies of daily extremes are not greatly different. However, with the limited length of the single model simulation analysed here, it is not easy to establish how robust and significant are the sub‐national patterns of climate response across Scotland. To improve the quality and comprehensiveness of regional climate change scenario information, a number of research issues remain to be addressed. 相似文献
968.
969.
970.
Estimation of soil erosion on cultivated fields on the hilly Meghalaya Plateau,North-East India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The estimation of soil erosion rates in complex subtropical agricultural systems of hilly environment is difficult and most
of the traditional methods have serious limitations. The 137Cs technique allows to obtain relatively quickly retrospective medium term soil erosion results. The objective of this study
was using 137Cs approach to quantify soil loss under agricultural system which develops under growing human pressure on the hilly terrain
of the Meghalaya Plateau. The measured values of caesium inventory for all sampling points are between 2% and 63% of the reference
value of caesium inventory. The estimated annual soil loss for sampling points located on the slope are between 29 and 79
Mg·ha−1·yr−1 in the case of an improved mass balance model. It means that soil erosion in this manually tilled agricultural area cannot
be neglected. 相似文献