农史物产史料来源探微——以各类史志书籍相关记载为例

本文阐述了农书、方志、专门异物志、博物志及物产志、笔记、正史、本草和小学类典籍中的农史物产史料,并重点介绍了陆费执先生和万国鼎先生集辑的物产史料。     

2012～2013年度陕西神木石峁遗址出土动物遗存研究

本文对2012～2013年陕北神木石峁遗址出土的大量动物遗存,按照考古遗迹单位进行了收集、分类、测量和鉴定.通过系统的分类和研究表明该遗址最少有15个属种,包括扬子鳄、环颈雉、褐家鼠、中华鼢鼠、草原鼢鼠、草兔、狗、马、家猪、山羊、绵羊和黄牛.根据对出土动物骨骼的分析结果表明:当时遗址周围是一个以草原为主,不远处有小片树林,草原和树林间有一定的水域,周围有沙漠的环境.经济类型是半农半牧形式,家养动物是石峁人的主要肉食来源,野生动物仅起着补充作用.     

Luminescence dating of prehistoric hearths in Northeast Qinghai Lake and its paleoclimatic implication

Archeological research has been trying to provide evidence relevant to understanding both the timing of and processes responsible for human colonization of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Hearth is one of the most extensive, important, and typical prehistoric humanity activity evidence on the QTP. However, there are a number of hearths lacking charcoal material because of the wind and water erosion. Fortunately, most of these hearths can be dated by luminescence dating on the remnant sediments around the hearth. In this study, 18 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from 14 hearths in Yandongtai site (YDT) and Bronze Wire site (BW) in the northeast of Qinghai Lake area were systematically dated. The OSL ages range from 6.8 ± 0.7 to 14.4 ± 1.2 ka. There is a good agreement between OSL dating results and charcoal ages during the last deglaciation period, which indicates that OSL method has great potential in dating hearth on QTP. Combined with the previous dating results from other hearths, the age of hearths concentrates in 11–13 ka BP, i.e., the Younger Dryas (YD) chronozone. The increased number of hearths indicates reinforced colonization in the Qinghai Lake area during YD cold event, implying that the cold climate during YD event was not severe enough to hinder the inhabitation of prehistoric humanity at an elevation of 3.2 km.     

枣阳郭家庙曾国墓地出土石英珠的初步研究

本文分析讨论了枣阳郭家庙曾国墓地出土的石英珠的化学成份和制造工艺,探讨了其制造工艺与楚国玻璃制造工艺之间的关系,认为至迟在西周晚期,随枣走廊一带的工匠们已经掌握了石英珠的制造技术,对后来楚国玻璃制造业的兴起,起到了直接重要的作用。     

论辉县孟庄商城的年代

辉县孟庄商城为10余万平方米的小型城邑,平面近长方形,其二里岗文化遗迹遗物丰富。本文根据《辉县孟庄》发掘报告,比较了遗址房基、水井、灰沟、灰坑、墓葬等五类遗迹在各时期的分布情况,认为孟庄商城在二里岗下层二期已经作为城邑被二里岗文化的精英使用,在二里岗上层一期、二期持续使用,殷墟时期则失去了城邑的功能和地位。     

宁夏固原南塬水厂唐墓M4随葬马骨研究

2015年,宁夏文物考古研究所对固原市南塬水厂墓地进行抢救性发掘。其中,唐代墓葬M4出土两具马骨,一具为成年母马,一具为幼年个体,二马均被肢解,可能与遣奠用牲有关。这批马骨为研究隋唐时期墓葬礼仪用牲状况和唐代民间养马业的发展状况提供了重要资料。     

20世纪初期芬兰人马达汉入疆考察细节及其分析

1906年8月,芬兰籍职业军人马达汉接受俄军总参谋部的军事任务,组成一个以自己为主的小型考察队,从中亚进入中国新疆境内进行军事情况收集活动,历时一年两个月。到达北京后,他进入俄国驻北京公使馆,整理完成了呈送上级的军事考察报告(含附图)。本文注重研究考察队在新疆境内的许多细节:如何从军事地形着眼,如何使用仪器,如何广泛取材形成一部具有军事情报价值的日记体著作。百年后这部著作的军事情报时效性已大为降低,但仍可作为颇具参考价值的历史地理资料加以使用。     

清代藏传佛教的铜佛造像

铜佛造像是西藏佛教艺术品的一个重要组成部分 ,清代藏传佛教铜像神系庞大 ,造型复杂 ,风格独特 ,曾盛行一时 ,在我国雕塑艺术史上有着不可替代的地位。     

民国时期全国人口统计数字的来源

民国时期的中国人口数量迄今为止仍然是一个谜。现有的多种民国时期人口统计数字 ,来源复杂 ,彼此矛盾 ,使人无从选择。民国时期 ,“四万万人口”的说法经常被提及 ,甚至被官方认可。事实上 ,“四万万人口”仅是一些主观估计的结果 ,而不是全国人口普查的结果     

Human subsistence strategy at Liuzhuang site,Henan, China during the proto-Shang culture (∼2000–1600 BC) by stable isotopic analysis

Since the discovery of the proto-Shang culture, created mostly by ancestors of the Shang clan from the late Neolithic Age to the early Shang period (∼2000–1600 BC), the subsistence strategy and lifestyle of humans in China during their movement southwards have been a great focus. Chinese literature and archaeological findings suggest that the proto-Shang societies were composed of different cultural groups and had various subsistence strategies. For example, at the Liuzhuang site, three types of burials, i.e., stone coffin, wooden coffin and earthen shaft-pit, are found. The wooden coffin and earthen shaft-pit burials had been adopted locally in the Central Plains since the Neolithic Age while the stone coffin burials were usually used by people living in Northeast China and had never been found in the Central Plains before. In this study, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses were performed on human bones from the Liuzhuang site and animal bones from Zhangdeng site in Henan province, China to determine whether different social groups had various accesses to food resources and whether their dietary difference was related to inequality in social status. Humans have mean δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of −7.6 ± 0.6‰ and 9.6 ± 1.0‰ (n = 19) respectively, which strongly indicates that humans rely primarily on C₄-based food. The main contribution of C₄-based food in their diet is from millet agriculture or animals that consume millet by-products. The isotopic spacing of carbon and nitrogen isotopic values between pigs and humans, between dogs and humans, and between cattle and humans, all imply that these animals were the main meat resources for humans. Surprisingly, the δ¹³C values and δ¹⁵N values of humans with different types of burials are quite close, indicating that they had equal access to food resources. This result suggests that the proto-Shang humans had adapted to the local subsistence strategy, and the local cultural factors in the Central Plains were very well integrated into proto-Shang culture.