河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布及其气候环境因素

本文根据考古学14C年代数据和考古遗存情况,结合高分辨率的地层和古气候研究资料,分析了河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布格局以及影响遗址分布的地貌和气候因素。该地区早中全新世文化时间序列为:早期新石器时代文化(10,000~8,800 yr BP)、新石器早中期之间的文化缺环(约8,800~7,300 yr BP)、7,300~6,500yr BP的磁山.兴隆洼.北福地一期三大文化系统并立发展时期以及6,500~6,000 yr BP的前仰韶文化时期。文化序列与气候序列对比发现:文化发展很大程度上受到气候条件的制约。从文化分布空间来看,具有如下特征:首先,早中全新世时期的文化分布在与当时海岸线平行的弧形地带上,这种分布格局与气候和地貌条件有关。在排除了地势高亢和海侵影响地区后,太行山东麓到古海岸线之间的弧形地带成为最佳选择。其次,从遗址分布高度来看,当时人仍居住在较高地貌面上,海侵及众多湖沼阻止了人类向东部平原腹地迈进的步伐。     

TRAFFIC CONGESTION,POLYCENTRICITY, AND INTRAURBAN FIRM LOCATION CHOICES: A NESTED LOGIT MODEL FOR THE LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN AREA

This study empirically investigates traffic congestion effects on agglomeration through the lens of firm location decisions. A discrete choice model is applied to examine new establishments’ location choices within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Employment centers are defined as the choice set to explore the nature and role of intraurban agglomerations. The results show that metro‐wide congestion negatively affects the location choices of firms in the high‐order office‐related activities, while local congestion have positive impacts on those firms’ location decisions. In contrast, firms in production‐related activities are positively influenced by regional congestion but are negatively affected by local congestion levels.     

Origin of dolomites in the Cambrian (upper 3rd‐Furongian) formation,south‐eastern Sichuan Basin,China

The origin of large‐scale ancient dolomite is one of the most hotly debated topics in sedimentology. The Loushanguan group of the upper 3rd‐Furongian Cambrian series on the south‐eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin consists of numerous dolomites, and the origins of these dolomites have never been reported previously although they are probably good hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on a systematic analysis of petrology, fluid inclusions, carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs), this study provides some unique insights into the origins of the dolomites. Four dolomite types have been identified in the study area: dolomicrite, fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, fabric‐obliterative dolomite and saddle dolomite cement. In the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, high Sr contents (with respect to the fabric‐obliterative dolomite) and the lack of two‐phase aqueous inclusions suggest that they formed at shallow‐to‐intermediate burial depths at low temperatures (<50–60°C). Carbon and oxygen isotopes and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics of the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite indicate that the dolomitizing fluids were evaporated seawater or slightly modified seawater. The obliteration of the original sedimentary fabric and relatively low δ¹⁸O and Sr values compared to the fabric‐retentive dolomite indicate that fabric‐obliterative dolomite formed at intermediate‐to‐deep burial diagenesis. The chemical composition approaches pure dolomite and the REE+Y characteristics are similar to those of the fabric‐retentive dolomite, indicating that the fabric‐obliterative dolomite was formed due to the recrystallization of the previously formed fabric‐retentive dolomite at elevated burial depths and temperatures. High fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (115–150°C), low δ¹⁸O values, nonplanar‐a crystals and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics suggest that saddle dolomite cement formed by reprecipitation of dolomite that related to seawater‐driven and deep burial fluid. In the study area, dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite may have been formed by penecontemporaneous or seepage‐reflux dolomitization during early‐stage diagenesis. Subsequently, during progressive burial, most of the fabric‐retentive dolomite was converted into fabric‐obliterative dolomite by recrystallization. This study confirms that fabric‐obliterative dolomite was the main dolomite type, and although deeply buried, these Cambrian dolomites most likely have preserved coeval seawater geochemical signals.     

略论抗战后期的知识青年从军运动

抗日战争后期于1943年11月正式发动的知识青年从军运动,是我国大、中学生在国民党战场战局危殆的紧急关头毅然大批入伍从军的群众运动。这一运动由国民政府主席蒋介石亲自发动,经国民党、三青团、政府兵役机关和教育部门的努力推进,迅速形成知识青年入伍当兵的热潮,不仅使抗日军队尤其是反攻缅北的中国驻印军获得了大批有知识的生力军,也使中国的兵役制度发生了重大的变化。     

工业革命前英国农业生产与消费再评析

工业革命前英国农业生产与消费水平至今仍是一个有争议的问题。本文的基本观点是,高效农业是工业革命的基础,大众生活水准提高、劳动力价格上扬以及近代国内消费市场形成是工业革命的直接拉动力。作者系统梳理了中外资料,对工业革命前英国农业生产和消费水平再次进行剖析和评估,旨在说明英国农业经济的发展经历了漫长而扎实的孕育过程,工业革命的发生不是偶然的,主要也不是外力作用的结果,从而为有兴趣与《大分流》讨论的同仁提供西欧方面的参考数据。     

《大清一统志》中“原额人丁”的来源——以江南为例

本文以江南为例,揭示了三版《大清一统志》中"原额人丁"的来源以及各地"原额人丁"的建构过程,证明"原额人丁"来源于乾隆《江南通志》中复杂多样的"人丁"记录。"原额人丁"的涵义复杂,定义不一,没有统一的标准,在研究中不假思索地利用这些数字是极其危险的。     

河南渑池县笃忠遗址出土动物遗存分析

本文对河南渑池县笃忠仰韶晚期至龙山早期遗址出土的动物骨骼进行了分析.出土的可鉴定动物骨骼包括14种动物,其中猪的骨骼最多.猪和狗为家畜.除了饲养家畜,捕猎野生动物也是当时人们的肉食来源之一.出土物中还有大量骨制狩猎工具和生活用品.     

秦代燕地五郡置县考

传世文献记载秦代历史地理的资料很少,有关其地方设置的郡县情况更是不清。但近几十年大量考古出土的秦文物涉及到秦代的历史地理,这就为研究秦郡县问题提供了传世文献所不能见的重要史料。本文就是利用秦文物和战国秦汉城市考古等有关资料,结合文献,首次考证秦代在燕地五郡的设县情况,以补史书之缺佚。     

1896年袁世凯被参与徐世昌受聘无关

陈夔龙在<梦蕉亭杂记>中记述袁世凯小站练兵时写道;"当奏派(袁世凯督练新军)时,常熟(指翁同龢)不甚谓然,高阳(指李鸿藻)主之.诅成立甫数月,津门官绅啧有烦言,谓袁君(指袁世凯)办事操切,嗜杀擅权,不受北洋大臣节制.高阳虽不护前,因系原保,不能自歧其说,乃讽同乡胡侍御景桂,披拾多款参奏."     

自然与都市的融合——波士顿大都市公园体系的建设与启示

美国波士顿大都市公园体系,始建于19世纪末.该体系的推动者深受浪漫主义审美理念的影响,力图改良美国城市环境,在都市之中保留、恢复自然,以期实现人与自然在城市工业社会之中的和谐关系.它的出现是部分进步主义改革者对城市化、工业化过程中间出现的种种问题进行反思的结果.它具有四个基本特点,即都市性、自然性、专业性以及民主性.该体系是同时期兴起的美国环境保护运动的有机组成部分,其核心思想是在不抹杀自然自身的特点的前提下,将自然置于文明的管理与保护下,最终实现城市与自然的融合.