欧阳修论考史

欧阳修在长期从事文献史料的收集、整理和研究工作中,始终能够坚持创新与求实并重原则,在考史方面得出了一些新的观点和认识,即:考史应"不没其实",力求史实真相;"慎于传疑",不轻易下结论;"勇断不惑",敢于创发己见;"不苟立异",反对刻意标新;"切于人事",排斥天命神学,这些至今仍具有方法论的意义。     

宝熙致罗振玉信札十七通

这里刊布的是旅顺博物馆所藏宝熙致罗振玉信札十七通,前十五通分别写于1912年、1928年和1936年,那时罗振玉居住在日本、天津和旅顺.后两通未考得书写时间,现一并刊布,以求教于高明.     

Checking Executive Power: A Simulation Model of Unilateral Executive Behavior

Abstract

What systematic influence does the court exert on unilateral authority? Though questions relating to the expansion and the exercise of unilateral executive power remain a perennial concern in political science, existing studies of the unilateral presidency generally focus on relations between the executive and the legislature, with less attention paid to the impact of the judiciary on executive behavior. Using a system of differential equations to model executive unilateralism and judicial constraints, simulation results identified four broad patterns of unilateral executive behavior and judicial influence. Overall, presidents strategically anticipate reactions from the courts and employ unilateral actions accordingly. Although they are cognizant of the court’s ability to strike down their actions, and thereby harming their preferred policy preferences and legacies, presidents nonetheless act unilaterally, albeit at a lower level. Results add to existing studies in separation of powers and constraints on unilateral executive behavior.     

泉石膏肓 长世无怀-明末清初“金陵画派”的形成及特色简

明末清初是中国绘画史上最具有创造活力的一个历史时期，诞生了一大批在中国绘画史上极具有影响力的中国画家，绘画流派纷呈。“金陵画派”即是明末清初崛起的一个非常重要的地域性绘画流派，在中国绘画史上占据有再要的地位。     

Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by ancient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals

China has a long history of sheep husbandry, and has several indigenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. To provide valuable genetic information for origin of Chinese domestic sheep, we performed an ancient DNA study on 22 sheep excavated from four Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, of which lineage A was predominant reaching a frequency of 95.5%. Furthermore, phylogenetic network showed that the most frequent haplotype in ancient sheep was the founder of lineage A. These results suggest that Lineage A may hold the key to understanding the origin of Chinese domestic sheep. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis showed that the ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, there was no significant breed structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups, making it difficult to determine their relationship to ancient Chinese sheep. Lastly, our results imply that ancient DNA analysis could provide a new way to investigate prehistoric East-West contact.     

古代绢画补配修复工具研制的探讨

针对在古代绢画补配修复中,面对古今材质与装裱要求不一、病害种类不同的情况,为将现代的绢绫线与文物的经纬线更好地匹配,研制了一种绢绫刮口刀。此刀由八个点形成的一条线或一个面作为刮口工作的状态,可以避免绢画修复中常用工具——马蹄刀、美工刀以点为工作面的刃口所产生的倾斜角度力点小且刀刃的点难以控制易伤及画心等缺点。虽然研制的绢绫刮口刀在修复明代绢本水陆画《七宿星君水陆道场图轴》的补绢刮口步骤中发挥了很好的作用,但作为非物质文化遗产的苏裱技艺如何科学化,还需不断地探讨。