The city as a set of problems: A non‐synthesizing approach to understanding urban places

Neil C. Kalt and Sheldon S. Zalkind. Urban Problems: Psychological Inquiries. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. v + 543 pp. Author index, subject index. $13.00 cloth, $8.00 paper.     

WAGE AND MOBILITY EFFECTS OF LEGALIZATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEW IMMIGRANT SURVEY*

ABSTRACT Using New Immigrant Survey data, we identify immigrants who were unauthorized to work prior to obtaining Legal Permanent Resident status, and examine whether lacking legal status to work in the United States constrains employment outcomes of illegal immigrants. The data reveal no evidence of improved employment outcomes attributable to legal status, except among the high‐skilled. In light of evidence that unauthorized immigrants experienced increased wages as a result of receiving amnesty through the 1986 Immigration and Reform Control Act, we interpret the results as consistent with a reduced threat of employer sanctions combined with widespread availability of false work authorization documents.     

Landscapes of Stone: Contextualizing Greenstone Working and Lithics from Clodgy Moor,West Penwith,Cornwall

Between 2004 and 2011 Graham Hill and Dave Edwards plotted nearly eight thousand prehistoric artefacts from ploughed fields across the Clodgy Moor area of West Penwith. In 2011 a project was carried out by the Historic Environment Service Projects team, Cornwall Council, the Portable Antiquities Scheme and the Cornwall Archaeological Society to catalogue and digitize all the finds recorded from the fieldwalking.

The project demonstrated that some places within the project area were persistent locales which were occupied throughout the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The results were particularly significant because they shed light on the context of the production of greenstone axes, widely exchanged around Britain and across the Irish Sea during the Neolithic, and suggest why, despite large numbers of artefacts, no greenstone ‘axe factory’ site has been found close to the potential sources of the greenstone before.     

Book reviews

Drawing on methodologies and theories used to understand forms of material culture, this paper traces the spatio-temporal lives of a group of medicine chests manufactured by Burroughs Wellcome and Co., the business co-founded by Henry Wellcome which is now known as GlaxoSmithKline. The paper examines the biographical, historical and commercial histories connected with these objects. In particular, it considers how the chests became embroiled within narratives of progress and modernity associated with the production and promotion of ‘modern’ pharmaceuticals and the establishment of a collection of objects through which Wellcome attempted to trace the ‘history of medicine and mankind’ from evolutionary perspectives. Using empirical research from a variety of contexts, the paper therefore reflects on how the chests’ circulation, use and display shed light on historical geographies of science, collecting, commerce and empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Le parcours des pharmacies portatives à travers le monde: esquisse sur les géographies de la cueillette et des produits pharmaceutiques

En s'appuyant sur des méthodologies et des théories qui servent à comprendre les formes de culture matérielle, cet article esquisse les vies spatiales et temporelles d'un ensemble de pharmacies portatives fabriquées par l'entreprise Burroughs Wellcome et cie, cofondée par Henry Wellcome et qui est connue aujourd'hui sous le nom de GlaxoSmithKline. Cet article aborde sous les angles biographique, historique et commercial les histoires associées à ces objet. Il se penche en particulier sur la façon dont les pharmacies se sont mêlées aux récits sur le progrès et la modernité liés à la production et la promotion de produits pharmaceutiques «modernes» et à la constitution d'une collection d'objets à partir desquels Wellcome a tenté d'esquisser dans une optique évolutive une «histoire de la médecine et de l'humanité». [Agrave] partir de recherches empiriques issues d'un large éventail de contextes, cet article examine donc comment la diffusion, l'usage et la présentation des pharmacies peuvent donner des renseignements sur les géographies historiques de la science, de la cueillette, du commerce et de l'empire à la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècle.

Mots-clefs: géographies historiques de la culture matérielle, cueillette, commerce, empire, histoires de la science, de la médecine et des produits pharmaceutiques, biographie.

Botiquines de medicina trotamundos: análisis de las geografías de coleccionar y farmacéuticos

Haciendo uso de metodologías y teorías que se emplea para entender formas de cultura material, este papel detalla las vidas espacio-temporales de un grupo de botiquines de medicina, fabricados por Burroughs Wellcome and Co., una empresa cofundada por Henry Wellcome, que hoy en día es conocida como GlaxoSmithKline. El papel examina las historias biográficas, históricas y comerciales relacionadas con estos objetos. En particular, considera cómo los botiquines llegaron a verse envueltos en narrativas de progreso y modernidad, asociadas con la producción y promoción de farmacéuticos modernos y el establecimiento de una colección de objetos, por los cuales Wellcome pretendía detallar la ‘historia de la medicina y del hombre’ desde perspectivas evolucionarias. Haciendo uso de investigaciones empíricas de varios contextos, el papel considera cómo la circulación, el uso y la exposición de los botiquines revela las geografías históricas de ciencia, coleccionar, comercio e imperios en la última parte del siglo 19 y la primera parte del siglo 20.

Palabras claves: geografías históricas de la cultura material, coleccionar, comercio, imperio, Historias de ciencia, medicina y farmacéuticos, biografía.