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31.
Maxime Aubert Ian S. Williams Katarina Boljkovac Ian Moffat Marie-Hélène Moncel Elise Dufour Rainer Grün 《Journal of archaeological science》2012
A Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP II) has been used to make high spatial resolution in situ micro-analyses of oxygen isotopes in fish otoliths, and teeth from fossil herbivores and a Neanderthal. Large intra-tooth variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (up to 9‰) were observed in the enamel of herbivores from the Neanderthal fossil site of Payre, consistent with preservation of seasonal cyclicity. The range of isotopic compositions observed in Neanderthal tooth enamel was much smaller (∼3‰), possibly the result of a longer enamel maturation time averaging out variability. An archaeological otolith from a Preceramic site in Northern Peru exhibited marked changes in δ18O over life, due either to the fish occasionally migrating from the sea to a lower salinity habitat, or to short-lived rises in sea water temperature. A fish otolith from Australia's Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area showed clear seasonal variations, but also a general trend towards isotopically heavier and more saline water, as indicated by higher δ18O and Sr/Ca values resulting from increased evaporation. The results of these case studies are compared to results of oxygen isotope analysis using more conventional methods and demonstrate the ability of the SHRIMP II to provide precise high spatial resolution in-situ oxygen isotope analyses of a variety of biogenic materials. This approach has major advantages over conventional methods. It can provide rapid, micro-scale isotopic analyses of sub-permil precision without the need for chemical preparation of the sample. 相似文献
32.
Angèle Smith 《Archaeologies》2012,8(3):349-365
This paper draws on Wobst’s concerns ideas of material culture, style and the implications of contemporary archaeology. In a socially engaged “archaeology of now”, I examine the spatiality and material culture of asylum seekers in Irish society as the Irish State governs and thus engineers their social and physical space. Housed in State-operated accommodation centers around the country, the spatial governance of asylum seekers in Ireland creates a structured, exclusionary transnational landscape of difference. The State thereby controls the movement, social borders, place, identity and social relations of asylum seekers in a newly global Ireland. 相似文献
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Michèle M. Wollstonecroft 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(1):141-150
While it is generally agreed that food processing has had a role in human evolution, the specific ways that is has affected
our evolution are not well understood. Using a Niche Construction Theory (NCT) perspective, coupled with methodologies borrowed
from “post-harvest” research in the plant sciences, this paper investigates the means and mechanism by which food processing
is of evolutionary consequence. The central tenet of NCT is that organisms have an active role in their own evolution through
reciprocal interactions with their environments; niche construction is understood to occur when organisms initiate long-term
changes to their environments that modify the selection pressures on themselves and their descendants (and on other organisms
in the environment). Humans and our hominin ancestors are considered to be the ultimate niche constructors due to our ability
to modify selection pressures through diverse culturally generated and transmitted cultural means, i.e. cultural niche construction.
In this paper, post-harvest methods are used to identify how food processing could feasibly have permitted hominins to modify
their evolutionary selection pressures. Food processing is shown to facilitate access to increasing amounts of digestible
nutrients and energy (kilocalories/kilojoules) as well as promoting increased dietary breadth and making possible the production
of safer and more stable foods. It is argued that these advancements catalysed related technological and ecological skills
and knowledge, which together with the nutritional benefits, further triggered changes in hominin brain and body and locomotory
adaptations and increased longevity, disease prevention and juvenile survival rates. 相似文献
36.
Sebillaud Pauline Berger Elizabeth Hou Kan Gueguen Gwendal Jing Zhongwei Peixoto Xavier Keute Jennifer Devièse Thibaut 《Historical archaeology》2022,56(3):563-593
Historical Archaeology - Catholic missionaries were active among rural populations in Manchuria, in northeast China, around the turn of the 20th century. Their presence influenced everything from... 相似文献
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Catherine Larrère 《History of European Ideas》2013,39(2):218-222
The aim of this article is to shed light on the eighteenth-century Italian reflection on luxury and consumption in a comparative perspective, clarifying, on the one hand, the complex significance that it assumed and, on the other, the specificity of the Italian context, marked by the immense political value of the debate on the subject. In particular this objective will be pursued through the analysis of specific cases among the many offered by the Italian context and through different research strands. These are: the debate on the evaluation of luxury; the transition from the notion of luxury to that of consumption; and the discussion on luxury and consumption in the revolutionary context. This article intends to outline the particular contribution made by Italian thought, which conveyed a multifaceted discourse of social reform, critique and understanding built on more even foundations, and at the same time to clarify what contribution can be made to current historiography by the study of this theme within eighteenth-century Italy. 相似文献