郑和与江苏--江苏郑和遗迹考述

郑和七下西洋，是世界航海史上的伟大壮举。在郑和60余年的生涯中，除了行进于远航西洋的海上之外，其余大部分时间都是任南京乃至于江苏度过的。不仅如此，这里还是郑和下西洋的决策地和始发地，是最早感受到和认识到郑和下西洋成就的地方，保存的郑和遗迹数量最多，也较为系统和完整，作为郑和下西洋的历史见证，具有重要的历史化价值（图一）。今值郑和首航西洋600周年之机，为缅怀这位伟大的中国航海家和外交家，谨将江苏境内与郑和有关的遗迹作一考述，以志纪念。     

九店楚简《日书》校读三则

本文讨论了九店楚简《日书》中的第47、48、49号简中的文句,新释出"安"、"右"等字,对释文作了订正。     

唐苏同家族墓出土陶质彩绘天王俑胎体的科学分析

In April 2021, several exquisitely decorated figurines of Heavenly Kings were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong's family in Xianyang, Shanxi Province. However, for each figurine, the outer side was unevenly red and black, and the center and interior of the body black, and the mechanical properties extremely poor (disintegrated by water). To scientifically restore and conserve the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings, we carried out scientific analyses of their materials and their firing process. The composition, structure, firing temperature and mechanical properties of the figurine remnants were determined and analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a simultaneous thermal analyzer, a thermal dilatometer, an X - ray photoelectron spectrometer, a universal testing machine and a hardness tester. The experimental results show that 1) the figurines were made of fusible clay containing quartz, albite, calcite, muscovite, clinochlore and other minerals; 2) the figurines were sintered between 300 ~400 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere, the internal sintering degree being lower than that of the external surface and the uneven atmosphere leading to the differences in color among various parts of a figurine ； 3 ) the mechanical strength of the figurines was low, with a flexural strength of about 2 MPa and a hardness of 54 〜71 HD. The study provides a scientific basis for the effective conservation and reasonable preservation of the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings and of other similar kinds of cultural relics. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

富丽堂皇 王者风范 浅论清代黄釉瓷的发展与创新

黄色历来是宫廷的御用色，是皇权的象征。据《明英宗实录》卷161记载，正统十一年（1446年）时下令“禁江西饶州府私造黄、紫、红、绿、青蓝、白地青花瓷器……首犯凌迟处死，籍其家货，丁男充军卫边，知而不告者，连坐。”其中放在第一位的就是黄釉，法典既明确又严厉。说明白明初以来色地釉瓷就被皇家以法典的形式确定为御用瓷，尤其是黄釉瓷，成为各朝例制。明清黄釉色瓷釉料的配方和烧造工艺更是严密地掌握在皇家御窑厂的秘方之内：一日民窑绝不允许烧造黄地釉瓷，二日民间也不能掌握黄釉瓷的：工艺、配方。     

论汉代建筑模型对吴晋魂瓶的影响

长江下游地区汉晋时期流行单层建筑和五联罐。汉末三国初期,北方移民南迁长江下游地区,带来了中原等地东汉时期流行的高层楼阁、双阙(天门)和闭合式院落建筑模型,与当地流行的五联罐和堆塑瓶融合后,最终形成了魂瓶。这个史实说明,早在永嘉南渡之前,已出现北人南迁和长江流域存在物质文化交流,以及江南经济发展的一个侧面。     

殷墟“外来文化因素”研究

考古学文化之间的交流与互鉴是双向的。殷墟文化在对周边区域青铜文化造成巨大影响的同时,也吸纳和融合了周边区域考古学文化。本文采用文化因素分析方法,简要梳理了殷墟文化中来自于北(西北)、西(西南)、南(东南)及东方文化因素,在此基础上认为各区域对殷墟影响的时间、强度和方式有所不同。殷墟对待外来文化因素更主要的是进行融合与改造,成为自身文化的一部分。正是与周边文化不断地交流与互鉴,殷墟青铜文化走向了顶峰。     

战国遣册文字补释四则

楚地出土的战国遣册,已有多位学者作了深入的研究,但个别释读尚可商榷。本文选取几条,结合文献和相关考古资料加以考证,如考正车为钲车,指载钲之车、纷为古代射箭时用的一种袖套、见鬼之衣是一件死者给冥主的礼物、红介之留衣为一件带红格子或条纹的绮衣。     

Holocene Ostracods from the Hang Hau Formation in Lei Yue Mun,Hong Kong,and their palaeoenvironmental implications

Wang. H., Zhang, H., Cao, M. & Horne, D.J., October 2018. Holocene Ostracods from the Hang Hau Formation in Lei Yue Mun, Hong Kong, and their palaeoenvironmental implications. Alcheringa 43, 320–333. ISSN 0311-5518.

The Holocene Hang Hau Formation is the youngest part of the Quaternary succession in Hong Kong and yields abundant and diverse ostracods. This study of ostracod assemblages from two cores in Lei Yue Mun identifies eight genera and nine species of marine Ostracoda that were previously unreported from the Hang Hau Formation, increasing the known diversity from 67 to 76 species. Among these species, Neocyprideis timorensis (Fyan 1916) is reported for the first time in China. The recovery of abundant juvenile and adult specimens has facilitated illustration and discussion of an ontogenetic series for Neomonoceratina delicata Ishizaki & Kato, 1976, extending from the A-5 instar (fourth moult after hatching) to the sexually dimorphic A (adult) instar. Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the ostracod assemblages supports and strengthens previous interpretations indicative of a warm, shallow, nearshore-marine environment.

He Wang [wang0701@163.com] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Haichun Zhang [hczhang@nigpas.ac.cn] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Meizhen Cao [mzcao@nigpas.ac.cn] Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; David J. Horne [d.j.horne@qmul.ac.uk] School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. *Also affiliated with: University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.     

清代画珐琅金红彩的区分与研究

画珐琅是一种在清代自外国传入的工艺,研究画珐琅彩料的发展对于了解画珐琅工艺的发展以及后期受其影响的粉彩工艺的技术革新有着重要的意义。画珐琅彩料中金红是最初由西方传入的彩料,这种以金子为原材料制作出的艳丽粉色在中国釉上彩的发展过程中具有独特意义。但由于常规无损分析手段难以对金红彩的成分和工艺进行有效的分析,因此对于金红的研究主要集中于文献分析。针对故宫博物院藏宫廷画珐琅文物,利用配备低真空模块的电子显微镜,直接观测金红釉彩中呈色的金纳米粒子的形貌和分布,配合电子显微镜中能谱分析,验证了之前文献研究考证中的国外“卡修斯紫”配方的金红以及本土配方“掺铜金红”的存在:典型卡修斯紫配方金红彩的基底釉为铅-钾-钠玻璃,金含量4.4%,且含有11.7%的锡元素；本土掺铜金红的基底釉为铅-钾玻璃,金含量12.5%,铜含量0.2%。同时发现了一种中国本土画珐琅普遍使用但此前未被注意到的金红配方,该配方为铅-钾釉,采用砷元素作为还原剂制备金红,与采用锡元素的卡修斯紫配方的金红不同,砷含量0.2%,金含量3.9%~8.4%。     

九十年代我国人口地理学研究的瞻望

本文在分析我国人口形势的基础上,提出了九十年代结合我国人口实际情况开展人口地理研究的主要课题.同时对人口地理研究中理论与方法的提高也进行了讨论.